The Franco-German border (French: Frontire entre l'Allemagne et la France; German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich) separates France and Germany and has a length of 450km (280mi), about half of it along the Rhine. [3] It lies 2.5 miles (4 km) west of the Rhine River on the Franco-German frontier. In 1860, the Treaty of Turin links the Savoy and County of Nice to France; the border between the French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia was surveyed the following year. The state of Austria was reestablished after the signing of the Austrian State Treaty in 1955. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Austria is located in the south of Germany and is among the countrys bordering countries. The French-German border is where two of the most widely spoken languages in the world come together. The border follows the Upper Rhine from the tripoint (Dreilndereck) with the French-Swiss and the German-Swiss borders at Basel (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}473524N 73520E / 47.590N 7.589E / 47.590; 7.589), passing between Strasbourg and Offenburg. The France-Italy border is 515 km (320 mi) long. The assembly ceased to recognise Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia as the sovereign. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Both countries were among the founders of the G7, NATO, and the inner six countries that formed the European Union. France-Switzerland border. Moreover, its population was initially enthusiastic over the new French republic, and German rule remained unpopular for some years among the inhabitants, who continued to protest the German annexation. The boundary then follows a general direction towards south, to the Mediterranean, it reaches the sea at Menton in France and Ventimiglia in Italy. Human rights groups called the punishment excessive. It established both the German Empire and the French Third Republic. The Franco-German War had far-reaching consequences. Political boundaries are the dividing lines between countries, states, provinces, counties, and cities. The border starts from the Czech Republic and moves north until it ends at the Baltic Sea. The Alpine foothills and the Alps are found on the Austria-Germany border. Geographically strategic, it was fought over for centuries between the French and Germans and Alsace and Lorraine. ), officially the French Republic (French: Rpublique franaise) is a transcontinental country spanning Western Europe and overseas regions and territories in South America and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. When travelling in the reverse direction from France to the UK by Eurostar, French immigration exit checks and British immigration checks both take place on French soil before boarding the train, whilst British customs checks take place upon arrival on British soil. What is the boundary between France and Germany? Sbastien Dubois, "La conqute de la Belgique et la thorie des frontires naturelles de la France (XVIIeXIXe sicle)," in Laurence Van Ypersele (dir. During the political upheavals of the French Revolution, the revolutionaries of 1789 adopted the idea of "natural borders", which in the case of France's eastern border was primarily defined as the Rhine river. The border continues eastward along the Pyrenees to Andorra ( 423613N 12630E ). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The vast German and French armies that then confronted each other were each grouped into right and left wings. In the 1991 Sangatte Protocol, France signed an agreement with the United Kingdom to introduce 'juxtaposed controls' (in French, des bureaux de contrles nationaux juxtaposs, or 'BCNJ') at Eurostar and Eurotunnel stations. L doivent finir les bornes de notre Rpublique. What body of water separates the United Kingdom from the rest of Europe? Switzerland is situated south of Germany and is Germanys sole non-EU bordering country. This means that, when travelling from the UK to France by Eurostar, French immigration checks are carried out by the Police aux Frontires on British soil before boarding the train, whilst French customs checks take place upon arrival on French soil. The Germans crushing victory over France in the war consolidated their faith in Prussian militarism, which would remain a dominant force in German society until 1945. What three countries are between France and Germany? French Guiana borders Brazil and Suriname, whereas Saint-Martin borders Sint Maarten . Strasbourg is the ultimate European city. This would be followed by the Treaty of Llivia the following year, which transferred to France the sovereignty of several villages in the valley of Querol. claimed and administered French territory, Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FranceItaly_border&oldid=1133219626, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 19:22. Strasbourg returned to France after WWI. Bismarck, for his part, saw war with France as an opportunity to bring the South German states into unity with the Prussian-led North German Confederation and build a strong German Empire. Where does France and Germany collide in Strasbourg? The Rhine forms the eastern border of Alsace on the French side and the western border of Baden-Wrttemberg on the German side. Most maps show political boundaries. In 1975, the French-German-Swiss intergovernmental agreement created an intergovernmental . The Franco-Spanish border runs for 656.3 kilometres (407.8mi) between southwestern France and northeastern Spain. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. The French emperor, Napoleon III, declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870, because his military advisers told him that the French army could defeat Prussia and that such a victory would restore his declining popularity in France. History [ edit] France-Germany border. When Germany first tried to invade France they sent troops to Territory of Alsace-Lorraine. Between Belgian and Dutch Limburg, the border is mostly formed by the Meuse (Maas) river. PARAFE self-service gates have been installed at a number of border crossing points to facilitate passage for eligible travellers (European Economic Area, Andorran, Monegasque, San Marinese and Swiss biometric passport holders aged 18 or over). From the Renaissance, this concept had been repeatedly discussed by French scholars, who cited antique sources. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borders_of_France&oldid=1145773598, This page was last edited on 20 March 2023, at 22:30. "[6], The theory of France's natural borders was commonplace in French textbooks until the mid-20th century. According to the plebiscites, the northern portion of the duchy was allocated to Denmark while the southern, albeit smaller portion, was allocated to Germany. East. "[5], In his seminal lecture What Is a Nation?, wherein he criticizes primordialist accounts of the nation, French historian Ernest Renan argues against the notion that France's borders are natural. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. France's territory was stretched beyond the Rhine by the annexation of the Kingdom of Holland (1810), and the north coast of Germany to Lbeck (1811), beyond the Pyrenees by the annexation of part of Catalonia (1812), and beyond the Alps by the annexation of parts of Italy between 1801 and 1805. By contrast, the term points de passages autoriss ("PPA") refers to the crossing points at the border between France and other Schengen countries (i.e. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Lake Constance is the sole lake found on the Austria-Germany border and is located at the western endpoint of the border. The France-Germany border (French: Frontire entre l'Allemagne et la France; German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich) separates the boundaries of France and Germany and has a length of 450 km (280 mi). Of Germanys bordering neighbors, it is with Austria that the country shares the longest land border, covering 506 miles in length. 5 Where is the Rhine River in France and Germany? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The Czech Republic borders Germany in the south of the country. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The border between the two countries dates back to that separating the Kingdom of Sardinia and France during the 19th century. These checks resulted in 178 people who had been banned from entering Germany being denied entry. German losses numbered 460 officers and 8,500 men. How did Germany get split into East and West? The formal layout of the Franco-Spanish border dates back to the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees between the kingdoms of Spain and France in 1659. Mannerheim Line is the line of fortification on the Russia Finland border. On September 19 the Germans began to besiege Paris. The French built the line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapons installations along their border with Germany during . The plebiscites were conducted following provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, in the aftermath of the First World War, which Germany lost. Thousands of residents who considered themselves French emigrated during this period. Another 45 cairns mark the border around Llivia; they are numbered anticlockwise from the number 1 at the entrance of the French road RD-68 in the enclave. These lines, more often called borders, are created by people to separate areas governed by different groups. A border is a real or artificial line that separates geographic areas. The eastern end point is the tripoint (together with Germany) at Vaalserberg. Political and geographic theory developed in France, "Les limites de la France sont marques par la nature, nous les atteindrons des quatre coins de l'horizon, du ct du Rhin, du ct de l'Ocan, du ct des Pyrnes, du ct des Alpes. The origin of the international border can be traced back hundreds of years when medieval Slavic and German tribes inhabited the region. This territory was retroceded to France in 1919 after World War I, was ceded again to Germany in 1940 . For General Adam Philippe de Custine, commander of the Army of the Rhine, "if the Rhine is not the limit of the Republic, it will perish" (Si le Rhin n'est pas la limite de la Rpublique, elle prira). What is the boundary between France and Germany? The French government reorganised the newly enlarged left bank of the Rhine and created four new departments: Mont-Tonnerre, Rhin-et-Moselle, Roer and Sarre. ), Denis Richet, "Frontires naturelles", in, This page was last edited on 22 April 2023, at 11:40. Between then and the conclusion of the formal Treaty of Frankfurt on May 10, 1871, the republican government was threatened by an insurrection in Paris, in which radicals established their own short-lived government, the Paris Commune. Germany, Switzerland and Italy all border France to the The city was rebuilt and developed on a grand scale (the Neue Stadt or 'new city'). The territory was then returned to France 48 years later after the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Denmark is situated to the north of Germany, with the two countries sharing a land boundary. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [4][6], "Espaa asume la jurisdiccin de la isla de los Faisanes, la ms pequea del mundo", Treaties of Bayonne of 1856, 1862, 1866 and 1868, "Convenio de 25 de abril de 1980 entre Espaa y Francia para fijar la delimitacin de la frontera en el interior del tnel transpirenaico Bielsa Aragnouet, hecho en Pars", "United Nations - Office of Legal Affairs", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FranceSpain_border&oldid=1149365751, The Treaty of 1856, establishing the boundary between the provinces of, The treaty of 1862, which marked the boundaries in the provinces of, The treaty of 1866, which did the same from the valley of, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 19:42. What's more, at a recent NATO meeting, Germany signed a deal with 14 other NATO countries and Finland on a new air defense system called the European Sky Shield Initiative, or ESSI. At the conclusion of the Battle of France in World War II, Italy claimed and administered French territory under the terms of the armistice of 24 June 1940 (the Franco-Italian armistice signed at the Incisa villa near Rome) which were extended from 11 November 1942.
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