To find additional materials on this topic, search the Library of Congress Online Catalog: The subscription resources marked with a padlock are available to researchers on-site at the Library of Congress. Documents. Against David Van According to all of these documents one of the main causes of these riots were sparked whenever they failed to pay off the cops. WebSTANFORD HISTORY EDUCATION GROUP sheg.stanford.edu Document B: Sylvia Rivera (Excerpt) Born and raised in New York City, Sylvia Rivera participated in the Stonewall And a whole bunch of people who were in the paddy wagon ran out. It was the law. And Dick Leitsch, who was the head of the Mattachine Society said, "Who's in favor?" Barbara Gittings and Kay Tobin Lahusen Gay History Papers and Photographs, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations That night, the Police raids and harassment were a common occurrence across the U.S. during this time, and amid the growing political activism of the 1960s,LGBTQ+ people began to mobilize and fight back. Danny Garvin:Everybody would just freeze or clam up. They were not used to a bunch of drag queens doing a Rockettes kick line and sort of like giving them all the finger in a way. I was celebrating my birthday at the Stonewall. And so we had to create these spaces, mostly in the trucks. And the Stonewall was part of that system. Fred Sargeant:In the '60s, I met Craig Rodwell who was running the Oscar Wilde Bookshop. Danny Garvin:We were talking about the revolution happening and we were walking up 7th Avenue and I was thinking it was either Black Panthers or the Young Lords were going to start it and we turned the corner from 7th Avenue onto Christopher Street and we saw the paddy wagon pull up there. And then as you turned into the other room with the jukebox, those were the drag queens around the jukebox. Giles Kotcher And once that happened, the whole house of cards that was the system of oppression of gay people started to crumble. The mob was saying, you know, "Screw you, cops, you think you can come in a bust us up? Aaron Lecklider Journal of American History, Volume 107, Issue 3, December 2020, Pages 794796, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa438 Published: 01 December 2020 PDF Split View Cite They were the storm troopers. The police barricade was repeatedly breached, and the bar was set on fire. Meanwhile, there was crowds forming outside the Stonewall, wanting to know what was going on. 1969: Stonewall Riots. documented as participants in the riot, and indeed, no womans arrest had previously been documented, though several eyewitnesses had long stated that resistance to the police intensified after a lesbian How do you think that would affect him mentally, for the rest of their lives if they saw an act like that being? Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was getting worse and worse. He may appear normal, and it may be too late when you discover he is mentally ill. John O'Brien:I was a poor, young gay person. Too bad we didnt get to the Stonewall, though very likely we walked by enroute to elsewhere. From theWikimedia Commons. WebLast Friday the privacy of the Stonewall was invaded by police from the First Division. Narrator (Archival):Richard Enman, president of the Mattachine Society of Florida, whose goal is to legalize homosexuality between consenting adults, was a reluctant participant in tonight's program. I just thought you had to get through this, and I thought I could get through it, but you really had to be smart about it. Danny Garvin:He's a faggot, he's a sissy, queer. Internet History Sourcebooks Project Documents from the 1969 Furor Immediately following the Stonewall riots of June 27th 1969, a series of demonstrations But it was a refuge, it was a temporary refuge from the street. If youre interested in learning more about the Stonewall Riots, theres a free sneak preview of an upcoming American Experience film at the New York Public Library this evening at 6:30pm. That was scary, very scary. He was later sued by the police officer, Gilbert Weisman, for assault, and had to pay a fine. One report cites three people Raymond Castro, Marilyn Fowler and Vincent DePaul as having acted together to shove and kick the officer. Ms. Fowler and Mr. DePaul had not been previously But I gave it up about, oh I forget, some years ago, over four years ago. The Stonewall riots (also known as the Stonewall uprising, or simply Stonewall) were a series of spontaneous demonstrations by members of the gay community in response to a police raid that began Many alternative, independent, and left periodicals are available viaIndependent Voices--Reveal Digital. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We had maybe six people and by this time there were several thousand outside. He brought in gay-positive materials and placed that in a setting that people could come to and feel comfortable in. Clever. When police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City on June 28, 1969, the street erupted into violent protests that lasted for the next six days. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:There were gay bars all over town, not just in Greenwich Village. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Stonewall Riots unofficially kicked off the LGBTQ movement. And if enough people broke through they would be killed and I would be killed. Hugh Bush Martin Boyce:In the early 60s, if you would go near Port Authority, there were tons of people coming in. By all estimates, there were upwards of 3-5,000 marchers at the inaugural Pride in New York City, and today NYC marchers number in the millions. Research assistance provided by Mario Burrus, Adam Joseph Nichols and Cole Souder. I mean it didn't stop after that. It was the law. John O'Brien:Cops got hurt. Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn has undergone several transformations in the decades since it was the focal point of a three-day riot in 1969. The overwhelming number of medical authorities said that homosexuality was a mental defect, maybe even a form of psychopathy. That night, the police ran from us, the lowliest of the low. WebThe Stonewall Inn is a gay bar in New York City. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:Gay people who were sentenced to medical institutions because they were found to be sexual psychopaths, were subjected sometimes to sterilization, occasionally to castration, sometimes to medical procedures, such as lobotomies, which were felt by some doctors to cure homosexuality and other sexual diseases. Stonewall riots | Definition, Significance, & Facts | Britannica And I found them in the movie theatres, sitting there, next to them. Without police interference, the crime family could cut costs how they saw fit: The club lacked a fire exit, running water behind the bar to wash glasses, clean toilets that didnt routinely overflow and palatable drinks that werent watered down beyond recognition. They raided the Checkerboard, which was a very popular gay bar, a week before the Stonewall. Gay Pride Week and March, was meant to give the community a chance to gather together to, "commemorate the Christopher Street Uprisings of last summer in which thousands of homosexuals went to the streets to demonstrate against centuries of abuse.from government hostility to employment and housing discrimination, Mafia control of Gay bars, and anti-Homosexual laws" (Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Fliers, Franklin Kameny Papers). We didn't want to come on, you know, wearing fuzzy sweaters and lipstick, you know, and being freaks. by e-mail. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:So you're outside, and you see like two people walking toward these trucks and you think, "Oh I think I'll go in there," you go in there, there's like a lot of people in there and it's all dark. It's very American to say, "You promised equality, you promised freedom." The first police officer that came in with our group said, "The place is under arrest. 12 Test Bank - Gould's Ch. Stonewall Riots Document A: New York Daily News 1. In the early morning hours of Saturday, June 28, 1969, nine policemen entered the Stonewall Inn, arrested the employees for selling alcohol without a license, roughed up many of its patrons, cleared the bar, andin accordance with a New York criminal statute that authorized the arrest of anyone not wearing at least three articles of gender-appropriate clothingtook several people into custody. But we're going to pay dearly for this. Andy Frielingsdorf, Reenactment Actors Geoff Kole On the one-year anniversary of the riots on June 28, 1970, thousands of people marched in the streets of Manhattan from the Stonewall Inn to Central Park in what was then called Christopher Street Liberation Day, Americas first gay pride parade. They pushed everybody like to the back room and slowly asking for IDs. Eric Marcus, Writer:The Mattachine Society was the first gay rights organization, and they literally met in a space with the blinds drawn. Drag queens and The crime syndicate saw profit in catering to shunned gay clientele, and by the mid-1960s, the Genovese crime family controlled most Greenwich Village gay bars. Nice to remember that fighting the police is sometimes a necessary part of the struggle for liberation. Since then, the term 'Stonewall' itself has become almost synonymous with the struggle for gay rights. A couple of weeks before, friends in WebIn the early hours of Saturday, June 28, 1969, a riot broke out during a police raid of the Stonewall Inn, an LGBT bar. The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. For instance, solicitation of same-sex relations was illegal in New York City. It was nonsense, it was nonsense, it was all the people there, that were reacting and opposing what was occurring. University, A stream Gay bars were places of refuge where gay men and lesbians and other individuals who were considered sexually suspect could socialize in relative safety from public harassment. % It eats you up inside not being comfortable with yourself. Their anger was apparent and vocal as they watched bar patrons being forced into a police van. WebStonewall Riot praxis one paper pcs 215 03 praxis the stonewall riots in 1969, people responded to violence from officers at police raid at the stonewall inn in Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University The cops would hide behind the walls of the urinals. I mean they were making some headway. have been published previously, Mr. Katz said. The medical experimentation in Atascadero included administering, to gay people, a drug that simulated the experience of drowning; in other words, a pharmacological example of waterboarding. Eric Marcus, Recreation Still Photography New York City Police Department/OutHistory.org. Geordie, Liam and Theo Gude Martin Boyce:The day after the first riot, when it was all over, and I remember sitting, sun was soon to come, and I was sitting on the stoop, and I was exhausted and I looked at that street, it was dark enough to allow the street lamps to pick up the glitter of all the broken glass, and all the debris, and all the different colored cloth, that was in different places. and not published at the time, have resurfaced only in recent years.). In short, on the morning of June 28, the Stonewall was full of people who had every reason not to want to show their IDs. They could be judges, lawyers. Doric Wilson:And we were about 100, 120 people and there were people lining the sidewalks ahead of us to watch us go by, gay people, mainly. Notably, an uncounted number of LGBTQ+ people have died as a result of police raids on gay spaces. It was an age of experimentation. '1Cmj`VUJlh**rUPlMmc_J)?lM6}L7@P?|h,hqzFf4'7`Z0FgGfoLv(rVGb`_p!^lxJ*j/;d8RhUUJ\*Rrq'zNphGlXKbQci{:TIFEPu@B?@=f/1)@dB9ldx+=dWR$>{^w(/2II^Q,e,)1;y1,E~cum}4VRQ,;W]mTN1TW mw$$%Zjmd1CyCyu`WU6. WebIt provides references for primary documents related to the materials reprinted in The Stonewall Riots; most of the sources come from newspapers, magazines, and I met this guy and I broke down crying in his arms. I could never let that happen and never did. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:TheNew York TimesI guess printed a story, but it wasn't a major story. It was a 100% profit, I mean they were stealing the liquor, then watering it down, and they charging twice as much as they charged one door away at the 55. What do you do in Documenting the Stonewall Riots that you didnt do in your book? The men's room was under police surveillance. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. We had no speakers planned for the rally in Central Park, where we had hoped to get to. WGBH Educational Foundation We heard one, then more and more. In 1969, a series of riots over police action against The Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village, changed the landscape of homosexual society quite literally overnight. He said, "Okay, let's go." It was as if an artist had arranged it, it was beautiful, it was like mica, it was like the streets we fought on were strewn with diamonds. So I got into the subway, and on the car was somebody I recognized and he said, "I've never been so scared in my life," and I said, "Well, please let there be more than ten of us, just please let there be more than ten of us. Barak Goodman There was at least one gay bar that was run just as a hustler bar for straight gay married men. The records concern the start of the Stonewall uprising in the early morning of June 28, 1969. It was right in the center of where we all were. But I was just curious, I didn't want to participate because number one it was so packed. There are a lot of kids here. Certainly it was rare at the time to learn more than the first name or nickhame of someone you met casually in a bar. For the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall uprising, an anthology chronicling the tumultuous fight for LGBTQ rights in the 1960s and the activists who spearheaded it June 28, 2019 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall uprising - the most significant event in the gay liberation movement and the catalyst for the modern fight for LGBTQ rights in the United States. People could take shots at us. None of the nine pages of reports Virginia Apuzzo: I grew up with that. In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police; in the peace movement, we ran from the police. This, the very first U.S. Doric Wilson:And I looked back and there were about 2,000 people behind us, and that's when I knew it had happened. I mean I'm talking like sardines. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had a column inThe Village Voicethat ran from '66 all the way through '84. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Well, I had to act like I wasn't nervous. k lmZkvLvcJ?Jcb^*` as an authoritative account of the uprising. Please consider donating to SHEG to support our creation of new materials. Combining exhaustively researched narrative with meticulously curated photographs, the book traces queer activism from its roots in late-nineteenth-century Europe--long before the pivotal Stonewall Riots of 1969--to the gender warriors leading the charge today.
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