To realise his goals, Heydrich demanded racial classification of those who could and could not be Germanized. Known as "The Hangman" and "The Blond Beast," Reinhard Heydrich (1904-1942) was the chief lieutenant of the German secret police during the Nazi regime. [42], In January 1937, Heydrich directed the SD to secretly begin collecting and analysing public opinion and report back its findings. He returned to Berlin on 14 May after having crashed his plane on takeoff at Stavanger the previous day. WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [68] He then had the Gestapo carry out house searches, arrests, and interrogations, thus in effect exercising control over public opinion. WebIn a time of barbarity, Reinhard Tristan Heydrich, the Hangman, stood out as one of the cruelest and most brutal mass murderers in Nazi Germany. [9] He and Lina wed at a small church in Groenbrode on 26 December 1931. [145] She remarried once and died in 1985. Heinze was born the following year on September 29, 1905. [31][32] Six weeks later, on 14 July, he joined the SS. Heydrich reinhard tristan encyclopedia. [101], Despite public displays of goodwill towards the populace, privately Heydrich was very clear about his eventual goal: "This entire area will one day be definitely German, and the Czechs have nothing to expect here." WebEberstein played a part in the first meeting of the two major leaders of both the SS and later the Holocaust: Reinhard Heydrich and Heinrich Himmler. Heydrich had four children Klaus (born 17 June 1933) died in a traffic accident in Jungfern-Breschan on 24 October 1943 Heider (born 28 December 1934 - died in July 2007) Silke (born 9 April 1939) Marte (born 23 [13], His father was a German nationalist with loyalties to the Kaiser, who instilled patriotic ideas in his three children but was not affiliated with any political party until after World War I. [52], Hermann Gring founded the Gestapo in 1933 as a Prussian police force. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Heydrich used equipment confiscated from the Czech gymnastics organisation Sokol to organise events for workers. Heydrich made an emergency landing behind enemy lines. [84] For each prisoner, the SD had to fill in a questionnaire that listed personal information, country of origin, and the details of their crimes against the Reich. Some children were chosen for Germanization, and 81 were murdered in gas vans at the Chemno extermination camp. WebReinhard Heydrich was born on March 7 1904, in Halle, to Richard Bruno Heydrich and Elisabeth Krantz. [33] His party number was 544,916 and his SS number was 10,120. Upon his arrival in Prague, Heydrich sought to eliminate opposition to the Nazi occupation by suppressing Czech culture and deporting and executing members of the Czech resistance. [39] At first he had to share an office and typewriter with a colleague, but by 1932 Heydrich was earning 290 Reichsmarks a month (equivalent to 1,191 in 2021), a salary he described as "comfortable". Heydrich also organized the Einsatzgruppen (deployment groups), mobile killing squads that murdered almost one million Soviet and Polish Jews in German-occupied territories. Lutze was appointed SA's new head and it was converted into a sports and training organisation. [138], Heydrich was interred in Berlin's Invalidenfriedhof, a military cemetery. He chaired the 1941 Wannsee Conference in Berlin which signed off the campaign against Jews. Heydrich was the lead speaker. Heydrich started his rule by terrorising the population: he proclaimed martial law, and 142 people were executed within five days of his arrival in Prague. Reinhard Heydrich. [159] After this Hitler personally ordered Heydrich to return to Berlin to resume his SS duties. He established the much-feared counter-intelligence unit with the S.S., the SD, and went on to head the Gestapo and unite the German police under the control of his mentor, Heinrich Himmler. 3. Himmler became the Munich police chief and Heydrich became the commander of Department IV, the political police. Also, in February 1942, the work day was increased from eight to twelve hours. Heydrich entered into the Hamburg SS on 14 July. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Germans attempted to flush the men out with gunfire and tear gas, and by flooding the crypt. [4] He was the founding head of the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service, SD), an intelligence organisation charged with seeking out and neutralising resistance to the Nazi Party via arrests, deportations, and murders. He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office, the SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Nazi plan to murder Jews This was largely symbolic, as Heydrich was too young for military service. Both Heydrich and Heydrich's firstborn son, Klaus, died within the year. After Heydrich's death, implementation of the policies formalised at the Wannsee conference he chaired was accelerated. He was put on trial in Berlin and sentenced to death, but was kept alive as a hostage. This left Lina at home with the children and having to run the household alone. For other people with the surname, see, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. Reinhard proudly showed off his baby daughter and they had a close relationship. [163][164] While in Norway, Heydrich also organized the arrests of political opponents and arranged for a contingent of 200 SiPo and SD men to be stationed in several major cities. [25], Heydrich became notorious for his countless affairs. [15] A talented athlete, he became an expert swimmer and fencer. Many historians regard him as the evilest of the Nazi elite, and Hitler referred to him as the man with the iron heart.. This led to a financial crisis for the Heydrich family. His changes to the government's structure left President Emil Hcha and his cabinet virtually powerless. Highly-rated NFL prospect Will Levis puts MAYO in his coffee and eats overripe bananas with the skin ON, PICTURED: Glamorous trader's wife, 32, who blames the ROAD for her 100MPH fatal DWI crash into man who was catapulted 30ft by her Porsche as he walked with his OK Cupid date, 'I'm going to hit the roof with excitement! Heydrich joined a Freikorps paramilitary unit in 1919 and entered the German navy in 1922. [165], On 20 July 1941, without seeking authorization from Himmler, Heydrich rejoined Jagdgeschwader 77 during Operation Barbarossa, arriving at Yampil, Vinnytsia Oblast in a borrowed Me 109. During World War II, while serving as one of the highest ranking officers in the SS, Heydrich was also a Reserve Officer in the less intimidating rank of a Luftwaffe Captain. He said: 'I don't have a problem. [90] He viewed the area as a bulwark of Germandom and condemned the Czech resistance's "stabs in the back". [94] The terror also served to paralyse resistance in society, with public and widespread reprisals by the Nazis against any action resisting German rule. WebReinhard heydrich holocaust amp attentat. Heydrich died from his injuries a week later. Reinhard Heydrich was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle an der Saale, 20 miles northwest of Leipzig, in the German state of Saxony. After the death of his brother, Heinz Heydrich helped Jews escape the Holocaust. He was also a major in the Luftwaffe, flying nearly 100 combat missions until 22 July 1941, when his plane was hit by Soviet anti-aircraft fire. People were arrested arbitrarily, sent to concentration camps, or killed. Reinhard was the older of the two, born on March 7, 1904. These included the German Order,[167] Blood Order,[136] Golden Party Badge, Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge, bronze and silver Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for combat missions, and the Iron Cross First and Second Classes.[163]. On 1 April 1924 he was promoted to senior midshipman (Oberfhnrich zur See) and sent to officer training at the Naval Academy Mrwik. [70] In the Anschluss on 12 March, Hitler declared the unification of Austria with Nazi Germany. None of Hitlers lieutenants did more to realize the Final Solution than Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich. Seeing that the gate to the street was open, Klaus rode out onto the street where he was struck by a small truck coming down the road. [57] The purge became known as the Night of the Long Knives. [80], Heydrich's SD forged documents and letters implicating Tukhachevsky and other Red Army commanders. Son of Bruno Heydrich and Elisabeth* Anna Heydrich (Krantz) Husband of Lina Mathilde Heydrich Father of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Heider Heydrich; Private and Private Brother of Maria Barthel and Heinz* Siegfried Heydrich ', He added: 'We must distinguish the son from the father. Klaus died from his injuries later that afternoon and his body was buried in the garden of the estate. By the late 1930s, the duties of Reinhard Heydrich led him to work long hours and often be away from home. He received severance pay of 200 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 755 in 2021) a month for the next two years. He was a key organiser of the Holocaust, the head of the dreaded security section (SD) of the SS and tipped to one day succeed Hitler as Fuehrer. He played a key role in organizing the Holocaust during the opening years of World War II. Under Defense Minister Gustav Noske's directives, a right-wing paramilitary unit was formed and ordered to "recapture" Halle. Several Czechs were killed, and the remainder hid in the church's crypt. 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[87][88] Among the 100,000 people murdered in the Intelligenzaktion operations in 19391940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia: scholars, clergy, former officers, and others, whom the Germans identified as political targets in the Special Prosecution Book-Poland, compiled before the war began in September 1939. By year's end there were over fifty camps. Le SS avevano quattro cardini mitologici principali incorporate nella loro struttura [22] However, there is very little documentation of this, beyond a single postcard he received. The Gestapo Law, passed in 1936, gave police the right to act extra-legally. Heydrich chaired the notorious Wannsee Conference (January 20, 1942), whose participants discussed the logistics of the final solution.. Jan Kubi and Jozef Gabk headed the team chosen for the mission, trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). He was also Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. 1904-4. "[91], Heydrich came to Prague to enforce policy, fight resistance to the Nazi regime, and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were "extremely important to the German war effort". Edit your search or learn more. [83] According to the decree, "persons endangering German security" were to be arrested in a maximally discreet way: "under the cover of night and fog". Eberstein met Heydrich at the railway station and took him to see Himmler. She was entitled to a substantial pension because her husband was a German Police general killed in action. Lina persuaded Heydrich to look into the recently formed Schutzstaffel (SS) as a career option. He suffered major injuries to his diaphragm, spleen, and one lung, as well as a broken rib. WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. [160] His service record also gives him credit as a Navy Reserve Lieutenant, but in 1931 he was dismissed for conduct unbecoming an officer with loss of rank, and during World War II he had no contact with the Navy Reserve. On that day, Klaus was cycling with his brother Heider Heydrich in the courtyard of the Castle Panensk Beany (Jungfern-Breschan). But after consultations with Karl Hermann Frank, he altered his response. Hitler approved Heydrich's plan to act immediately. The Butcher of Prague: 7 Facts About the Life of Nazi Reinhard Heydrich. [46], In mid-1932, Himmler appointed Heydrich chief of the renamed security servicethe Sicherheitsdienst (SD). 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The following year, Heydrich's SD was given responsibility for carrying out the Nacht und Nebel (Night-and-Fog) decree. He was ambushed by a team of Czech and Slovak soldiers who had been sent by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to kill the Reich-Protector; the team was trained by the British Special Operations Executive. He became a naval cadet at Kiel, Germany's primary naval base. [14] The household was strict. [61] His wife, Lina, had already done so the year before. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. [146], Heydrich's assailants hid in safe houses and eventually took refuge in Saints Cyril and Methodius Cathedral, an Orthodox church in Prague. [149] Hitler ordered a quick investigation. Acting on the advice of his associate Karl von Eberstein, a friend of the Heydrich family, Himmler agreed to interview Heydrich, but cancelled their appointment at the last minute. WebIn 1936, the leaders appointed 32-year-old Heydrich, chief of the newly created security policy. She spoke with several authors, wrote letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband (Heydrich) until her death at age 74 in August 1985 in Fehmarn. He served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC, now known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference which formalised plans for the "Final Solution to the Jewish question"the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe. Halle was not spared. [93][b] Those who were not executed were sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where only four per cent of Czech prisoners survived the war. During Kristallnacht in November 1938, Heydrich ordered the arrest of thousands of Jews by the Gestapo and the SS and their imprisonment in concentration camps. [49], In 1933, Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, and through a series of decrees[50] became Germany's Fhrer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor). [71], In mid-1939, Heydrich created the Stiftung Nordhav Foundation to obtain real estate for the SS and Security Police to use as guest houses and vacation spots. [56] At Hitler's direction, Heydrich, Himmler, Gring, and Viktor Lutze drew up lists of those who should be killed, starting with seven top SA officials and including many more. His mother was Heydrich's godmother. Stalin ordered one of his best NKVD agents, General Nikolai Skoblin, to pass Heydrich false information suggesting that Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky and other Soviet generals were plotting against Stalin. [158], Heydrich's time in the SS was a mixture of rapid promotions, reserve commissions in the regular armed forces, and front-line combat service. [114] Historian Raul Hilberg estimates that between 1941 and 1945 the Einsatzgruppen and related auxiliary troops murdered more than two million people, including 1.3million Jews. [9] Reinhard was an altar boy, attending evening prayers and Mass every week with his mother as part of the Catholic minority in Halle. His success in pacifying the Czech population lulled Heydrich into a false sense of security, and on May 27, 1942, two Free Czech agents mortally wounded him with a bomb while he was riding in his car without an armed escort. In his early life, he had a strong desire to join the army. [42], On 1 August 1931, Heydrich began his job as chief of the new 'Ic Service' (intelligence service). [9] Heydrich developed a passion for the violin and carried that interest into adulthood; he impressed listeners with his musical talent. In early 1936, Heydrich left the Catholic Church in favour of the Gottglubig movement. Reinhard passed away on June 4 1942, at age 38 in Prague. [152], All but four of the women from Lidice were deported immediately to Ravensbrck concentration camp (four were pregnant they were subjected to forced abortions at the same hospital where Heydrich had died and the women were then sent to the concentration camp). [98] The reprisals are referred to by Czechs as the Heydrichida. [13], In recognition of her husband's service to the Nazi cause, Hitler gave to Lina the country estate of Jungfern-Breschan in rural Bohemia. Himmler initially forbade Heydrich from flying combat missions, but later relented, allowing him to join Jagdgeschwader 77 in Norway, where he was stationed from 15 April 1940 during Operation Weserbung. Heydrich, pictured above on the left, was assassinated in 1942 by Czech commandos trained by Britain as he drove to Prague. [92] Although small disorganised cells of Central Leadership of Home Resistance (stedn veden odboje domcho, VOD) survived, only the communist resistance was able to function in a coordinated manner (although it also suffered arrests). [117] In May 1941 Heydrich drew up regulations with Quartermaster general Eduard Wagner for the upcoming invasion of the Soviet Union, which ensured that the Einsatzgruppen and army would co-operate in murdering Soviet Jews. [13] The family lived there until April 1945 when they, along with many other Germans left the area to flee the advancing Soviet Red Army. TRBS Host Ralph Bailey talks about the 2001 war film Conspiracy & how the film depicts the actions of Adolf Eichmann & Reinhard Heydrich at the beginning of the Holocaust. WebI fondamenti ideologici Heinrich Himmler in uniforme da Reichsfhrer-SS. The second of three children, his father Bruno was a singer and minor composer, and his mother Elizabeth came from a WebCzech Agents who had trained in Great Britain parachuted into German-occupied Czech territory to assassinate SS General Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.. Heydrich was the chief of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in Berlinthe SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Holocaust during World War II. Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy that April. Heinz Siegfried Heydrich was the son of Richard Bruno Heydrich and the younger brother of SS General Reinhard Heydrich. [123] On 20 January 1942, Heydrich chaired a meeting, now called the Wannsee Conference, to discuss the implementation of the plan. Managed by: Michael Rper. He was baptized a Roman Catholic. [20] Heydrich began to form positive opinions about the Vlkisch movement and anti-communism, as well as a distaste for the Treaty of Versailles and the positioning of the German-Polish border. [135] He was 38 years old. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The grave of Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi official, was dug up Dec. 12 in Berlin. He was appointed SS chief for Berlin in 1934, and when Himmler became chief of all German police forces in 1936, Heydrich took charge of the SD, the criminal police, and the Gestapo. The dismissal devastated Heydrich, who found himself without career prospects.[5]. He explained, "Making this Czech garbage into Germans must give way to methods based on racist thought."[92]. [79] He discussed the matter with Himmler and both in turn brought it to Hitler's attention. He drove from the castle on the morning of May 27, 1942, to Prague, where his car was ambushed. [11], Heydrich's family held social standing and substantial financial means. Reinhard heydrich wikipedie. [155][156][157], Heydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA,[139] and Karl Hermann Frank (2728 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. Shortly thereafter, Lina von Osten joined the Nazi Party with party membership number 1,201,380. Tens of thousands more passed through the camp before being sent East to be murdered. The Czech lands were an important industrial zone for the German military, and indiscriminate killing could reduce the region's productivity. The explosion ripped through the right rear fender and wounded Heydrich, with metal fragments and fibres from the upholstery causing serious damage to his left side. [55], Beginning in April 1934, and at Hitler's request, Heydrich and Himmler began building a dossier on Sturmabteilung (SA) leader Ernst Rhm in an effort to remove him as a rival for party leadership. WebAnswer (1 of 5): From what I can recall of Heydrichs biography that I read, one of his young sons, Klaus, died during the war, as a result of a traffic accident in 1943. [10], Lina Heydrich gave birth to two sons, Klaus (born 17 June 1933) and Heider (born 23 December 1934). Music was a part of Heydrich's everyday life; his father founded the Halle Conservatory of Music, Theatre, and Teaching and his mother taught piano there. Up to 200 people were killed in the action. At this point, the SS was still part of the SA, the early Nazi paramilitary organisation which now numbered over 3 million men. This led to the sweeping use of Schutzhaft"protective custody", a euphemism for the power to imprison people without judicial proceedings. He was shy, insecure, and was frequently bullied for his high-pitched voice and rumoured Jewish ancestry. German documents suggest that Hitler intended to transfer him to German-occupied France where the French resistance was gaining ground. [10] He engaged his younger brother, Heinz, in mock fencing duels. The comments below have been moderated in advance. The telegram is evidence number PS-3363 from the Oswald Pohl case at the Nuremberg Trials. Heydrich's third name, "Eugen", was his late maternal grandfather's forename (Eugen Krantz had been the director of the Dresden Royal Conservatory). Eventually an entrance was made using explosives. By October he had created a network of spies and informers for intelligence-gathering purposes and to obtain information to be used as blackmail to further political aims. WebNazi German official Reinhard Heydrich was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the paramilitary corps known as the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), or SS. They had 4 children: Heider Heydrich, Marte Heydrich, Silke Heydrich and Klaus Heydrich. Reinhard Heydrich was the protector of Czechoslovakia, which was renamed the province of Bohemia and Moravia by the Nazis. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement on 18 December 1930. He died June 4 in a Prague hospital. Kubi, who had not been spotted by Heydrich or Klein, threw a converted anti-tank mine at the car as it stopped, which landed against the rear wheel. Death: July 03, 2007 (72) Immediate Family: Son of Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich and Lina Mathilde Heydrich. The first three true death camps, designed for mass murder with no legal process or pretext, were built and operated at Treblinka, Sobibr, and Beec. Right, his son Heider has said he wants to restore his father's castle outside Prague, Outrage: The upper castle at Panenske Brezany, near Prague. [139] The exact burial spot is no longer public knowledgea temporary wooden marker that disappeared when the Red Army overran the city in 1945 was never replaced, so that Heydrich's grave could not become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. Heydrich masterminded the fake Polish attack on the Gleiwitz radio transmitter that provided Hitler with a pretext for invading Poland on September 1, 1939. By 1921, few townspeople there could afford a musical education at Bruno Heydrich's conservatory. By the late 1930s, the duties of Reinhard Heydrich led him to work long hours and often be away from home. With the promotion came greater recognition. [40] As his power and influence grew throughout the 1930s, his wealth grew commensurately; in 1935 he received a base salary of 8,400 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 38,766 in 2021) and an allowance of 12,000 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 55,379 in 2021) and by 1938 his income increased to 17,371 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 77,580 in 2021), annually. [76] The title of Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD (Chief of Security Police and SD) or CSSD was conferred on Heydrich on 1 October. Himmler gave the eulogy. [44] To mark the occasion of Heydrich's December wedding, Himmler promoted him to the rank of SS-Sturmbannfhrer (major). [52], Himmler began developing the notion of a Germanic religion and wanted SS members to leave the church. Moment commuter blasts eco-zealots, Royal superfans camping on The Mall ahead of King's Coronation, Historic chairs to be reused by the King for the coronation service, Hundreds of Household Division members rehearse for coronation, Russian freight train derails and bursts into flames after explosion, Women's rights activists and pro-trans campaigners separated, Cambridge students party in the park during annual celebrations, Moment bull suffers catastrophic injuries after leaping from bridge, LGBTQ+ supporters demand Ryan Webb resign at council meeting, Braverman: People crossing Channel are 'at odds with British values'. At Wannsee, senior Nazi officials formalised plans to deport and exterminate all Jews in German-occupied territory and those countries not yet conquered. Anti-Jewish violence was forbidden for the duration, and news stands were required to stop displaying copies of Der Strmer. A Gestapo report stated that Lidice, 22 kilometres (14mi) north-west of Prague, was suspected as the assailants' hiding place because several Czech army officers, then in England, had come from there; additionally, the Gestapo had found a resistance radio transmitter in Leky. [140] A recent biography of Heydrich also places the grave in Section A. 1942), The History Learning Site - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). She ran Reinhard Heydrich's former summer house on Fehmarn as a restaurant and inn until it burned down in February 1969, during welding work within the roofspace that caught the thatched roof alight.
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