Generals of the United States Marine Corps, Female generals of the United States Marine Corps, Assistant Commandants of the United States Marine Corps, United States Marine Corps World War I generals, United States Marine Corps World War II generals, List of active duty United States Marine Corps major generals, List of United States Marine Corps four-star generals, Commanding General, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (U.S.), Commanding General, Marine Corps Installations East (U.S.), Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:United_States_Marine_Corps_generals&oldid=951877110, Template Category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with 601900 pages, CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 April 2020, at 10:19. There have been 63 lieutenant generals in the United States Marine Corps since 1 January 2010, 7 of whom were promoted to four-star general. The Marine Corps, which had passed over Colonel Henderson for four years, has placed him on a highly selective list of nine colonels to be granted a coveted one star that denotes general rank status brigadier general. Dates of rank are taken, where available, from the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps register of active and retired commissioned officers. For the highest ranksthree- and four-star officersthe Marine Corps overwhelmingly selects infantry officers and, to a far lesser extent, aviators. But they are white men. The Assistant Commandant didnt become a four-star officer until Lew Walt assumed the billet in 1968. choices) and/or to monitor site performance. That year, the Pentagons inspector general reported that General Uribe violated ethics rules when he requested or allowed his aide to pick up his laundry, deliver meals, arrange for delivery of his prescription toothpaste to Iraq and handle his personal correspondence. What does his fate say about the Corps? You've read 1 out of 5 free articles of Proceedings this month. [52] Internationally-based three-star positions include the United States military representative to the NATO Military Committee (USMILREP) and the security coordinator for the Palestinian National Authority in Israel. [19][20][21], In 1925, Congress authorized Marine Corps officers to retire with a tombstone promotion to the rank but not the retired pay of the next higher grade if they were specially commended for performance of duty in actual combat during World War I, but only if they retired because they were too old to be promoted further, a condition that excluded major generals, who already held the highest grade in the Marine Corps. website. information by using this toggle switch. The Week QAnon Became Everyones Problem. able to use or see these sharing tools. Alexander Vandergrift, who became Commandant in 1944, was the services first four-star. Looking at hisresume, it may seem staggering that Henderson isnt a general officer. Any lieutenant general was a viable candidate for commandant if he was young enough to complete a full four-year term before reaching the statutory retirement age of 62, as were prominent major generals. Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, List of United States Marine Corps astronauts, List of United States Marine Corps four-star generals, List of 1st Marine Aircraft Wing Commanders, "Major Gregory "Pappy" Boyington C.O. Josh Sams, who had the colonel as a battalion commander on his first deployment to Afghanistan in 2008. Proceedings. Black Marine recruits receiving equipment at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina in 1943. Proud and fierce in their identity, the Marines have a singular race problem that critics say is rooted in decades of resistance to change. View Issue. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and Thats even more true in the Marine Corps, which promotes a smaller percentage of its officers to each of the field grade ranks than its sister services. SGT. Commander, Marine Forces Japan/Commander. browser. [41] The first wave filled three-star positions vacated by the newly appointed commandant and any rivals who chose to retire after being passed over. Reckless to be dedicated at Kentucky Horse Park on May 12 KyForward.com", "Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Austell Cunningham, USMC", "Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson, USMC", "Military Innovator Who Sought New Approach to Battle in Vietnam", Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Seapower and Projection Forces subcommittee, United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_historic_United_States_Marines&oldid=1125782524, History of the United States Marine Corps, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 20:39. The most plausible alternative is the truism across the services (and, indeed, in the civilian world as well) that ducks pick ducks. Leaving aside for a moment that promotion boards generally consist mostly of white men, perhaps their bias is simply toward officers in their own career specialties. It ranks above lieutenant general ( three-star general ). Indeed, it is a longstanding custom, as RAND notes, that when a Marine Corps officer is promoted to the grade of O-7, they receive letters from other Marine Corps GOs including advice and a reminder that the distinction could just as easily been afforded to ten of their colleagues, and to take the responsibility of the rank seriously and humbly.. Thats an acknowledgement thatimplicit bias may well have been present. But Colonel Henderson soon asked to move over to combat arms, a transition that Marines who know him said demonstrated that he wanted to fight with his men, bearing the risk and responsibility that accompany it. You may opt out of our use of such Aside from exemplary performance as an Infantry officer through his long career, with a desirable mix of fleet and broadening assignments, he has excelled in the classroom, participating in prestigious programs at MIT and Harvard in addition to staff and war college. [34] Tombstone promotions made James C. Breckinridge the first three-star Marine in October 1941,[23][24] and Thomas Holcomb the first four-star Marine in January 1944. May 2021. Tony Henderson has done everything you could do in the Marines except get a hand salute from Jesus Christ himself, said Milton D. Whitfield Sr., a former Marine gunnery sergeant who served for 21 years. 5201, to retire in that grade. Vandegrift was appointed temporary lieutenant general in July 1943,[26] under a 1941 law that anticipated the wartime expansion of the Marine Corps by authorizing an unlimited number of temporary general officers for the duration of the national emergency. Contents. Michelle Howard became the first Black woman to pin on four-star rank in 2014. Officially, the Marine Corps says it cares deeply about diversity. The Montford Point Marine Association (MPMA) is a nonprofit military veterans' organization, founded to memorialize the legacy of the first African Americans to serve in the United States Marine Corps.The first African American U.S. Marines were trained at Camp Montford Point, in Jacksonville, North Carolina, from 1941 to 1949.. SSPL / Getty Images. internet device. Preferences menu of your browser. Yet Langley, as one of only six Black generals in the Marines, is a . Still, the Army had a Black one-star general, Benjamin Oliver Davis Sr., in 1940eighty years ago next month. As the nation reels this summer from protests challenging centuries-long perceptions of race, the Marines who have long cultivated a reputation as the United States strongest fighting force remain an institution where a handful of white men rule over 185,000 white, African-American, Hispanic and Asian men and women. References. In April 1969, the Senate passed and sent a bill to the White House that makes the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps a four-star general when the active duty strength of the Marine Corps exceeds 200,000. Updated Wed Dec 21 10:00:27 EST 2022. Naval Institute. But the issue bears a closer look. It ranks above major general (two-star general) and below general (four-star general). Or the year before that. There are none as of 3 June 2021. The rank of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is the second-highest rank in the Marine Corps, and the first to have a specified number of appointments set by statute. 1979 February 23 First African American Marine Corps General is Frank E. Petersen. There have been 74 four-star generals in the history of the United States Marine Corps. RAND report on general and flag officer development, no Marine held a unified combatant command billet, Do Not Sell My CARLOS DEL TORO . The practice was terminated in an effort to encourage senior officer retirements prior to the effective date of the change to relieve an overstrength in the senior ranks. Yet even this explanation is problematic. to take that as a valid request to opt-out. on the Internet. The following is a list of the prominent names in U.S. Marine Corps lorethe people who make up what the Marines call "knowledge". Removed statutory requirement for the director of the Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center, if a commissioned officer, to hold grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral. Except it didnt happen. Tyler Byther/United States Marine Corps. The Pentagon, which for the first time has a Black secretary of defense, is facing a reckoning on race after the Jan. 6 breach of the Capitol laid bare the deep inroads that extremist groups have made into the American military, both active duty and retired: A number of the Capitol rioters with ties to extremist groups also have ties to military service. The Marines first admitted Black troops in 1942, the last military service to do so. And Charles Q. Tonys got an incredible record he should be a general officer, said Paul J. Kennedy, a retired major general who led the Marine Corps Recruiting Command. Against this record, the Marines lack of even a single Black four-star merits investigation. [43] An incoming commandant might also choose not to retain his predecessor's lieutenant generals, to clear space for his own favorites. Deputy Director for Current and Integrated Operations (J-3), Director, Expeditionary Warfare (N95), Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 04:40. Notes include years of birth and death; awards of the, Enlisted in 1970; honorably discharged as sergeant, 1973; commissioned as, Stewart held the position concurrently with Army lieutenant general. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Reverted to lieutenant general, Jan 1952; retired as general, Jun 1954. And even the one-, two- and three-star Marine Corps officer positions are predominantly white and male particularly the ones in the combat specialties that feed the four-star ranks. The rank of general (or full general, or four-star general) is the highest rank in the Marine Corps. Help us tailor content specifically for you: Get all our news and commentary in your inbox at 6 a.m. It is difficult for those outside the armed services to understand the prestige that comes with becoming a four-star general or admiral. A cookie is a small piece of data (text file) that a website when visited by a Col. Anthony Henderson, commanding officer 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit, receives the Legion of Merit award on Camp Pendleton, California, Dec. 15, 2016. But Colonel Henderson is a Black man with combat command experience in a service the Marines that has never, in its 245-year history, had a four-star officer who was not a white man. visiting for our advertising and marketing efforts. You may exercise your right to opt out of the sale of personal The consensus was that Tony had to sand off the rough edges, said retired Col. Thomas Hobbs, who was at amphibious warfare school with Colonel Henderson and who spoke with people involved in Colonel Hendersons last promotion board. Look, Im a dedicated Marine, said Mr. Whitfield, the former gunnery sergeant. website (such as prompting our cookie banner and remembering your privacy choices) and/or to monitor site to learn more. The information collected might relate to you, your preferences or your device, and is mostly Lieutenant generals entered the Marine Corps via several paths: 36 via Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) at a civilian . Only 25 African-Americans in the Marines have reached general in any form. List of active duty United States Marine Corps major generals, U.S. Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Europe and Africa, U.S. Marine Forces Special Operations Command, Program Executive Officer for Air Anti-Submarine Warfare, Assault and Special Mission Programs, List of active duty United States four-star officers, List of active duty United States three-star officers, List of active duty United States Army major generals, List of active duty United States rear admirals, List of active duty United States Air Force major generals, List of active duty United States Space Force general officers, List of active duty United States senior enlisted leaders and advisors, List of current United States National Guard major generals, List of United States Army four-star generals, List of United States Marine Corps four-star generals, List of United States Navy four-star admirals, List of United States Air Force four-star generals, List of United States Coast Guard four-star admirals, "Marine Corps General Officers and Senior Enlisted Leaders", "PN2799 Marine Corps, 117th Congress (2021-2022)", "PN1429 Marine Corps, 117th Congress (2021-2022)", "Marine Aviator Major General James H. Adams Is Armed Forces Day Keynote Speaker; Parade Includes 9-School Mass Band, ROTC Units", "Maj. Gen Salene Promotion [Image 4 of 4]", "J5 Strategic Planning and Policy Directorate", "Michael J. Borgschulte - Manpower Management, M&RA, Headquarters Marine Corps", "RESERVE AFFAIRS DIVISION (RA) REORGANIZATION", "FISCAL YEAR 2023 BILLET ASSIGNMENTS FOR RESERVE SERGEANTS MAJOR AND FIRST SERGEANTS FOR INITIAL AND SUBSEQUENT TOURS", "Marine Corps General Officers and Senior Enlisted Leaders, May 2021", "Commanding General, MAGTF Training Command, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center", "Maj. Gen. Austin 'Sparky' Renforth, Wheeling Native, To Retire", "Commanding General, Marine Corps Installations Pacific", "Yesterday, I changed command of the Joint Forces Staff College", "Commanding General, Marine Corps Logistics Command", "Marine Corps Information Command to be activated in FY23, commanded by the service's cyber and space leader", "Marine Corps Forces Space Command is here", "Leadership - Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command", "Major General King Assumes Command of Marine Corps Forces Europe and Africa", "MARSOC bids farewell to Maj. Gen. James F. Glynn", "Commanding General, Third Marine Aircraft Wing", "Cherry Point to hold change of command ceremony for major general Thursday", "Commanding General - Major General Eric E. Austin", "Program Executive Office Air Anti-Submarine Warfare, Assault & Special Mission", Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_active_duty_United_States_Marine_Corps_major_generals&oldid=1149740743, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Of these, 56 achieved that rank while on active duty, 17 were promoted upon retirement in . African-American U.S. Marine Corps' General Officers by Herbert Booker. Commander, Marine Forces Japan/Commanding General. Five-Star Generals: The Nine Men Who Earned the US Military's Highest Rank. These cookies collect information for analytics and to To the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Major General Thomas Holcomb, the Montford Point Marines were a disgrace. Five men have held the rank of General of the Army (five star), George C. Marshall, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, and Henry H. Arnold, who later became the only five-star general in the . 1 21st century; 2 20th century; 3 19th century; 4 18th century; 21st century . After all was said and done, 1,200 Marines went over and 1,198 came back. Tony Henderson should have gotten selected last year, said Milton D. Whitfield Sr., a retired Marine gunnery sergeant who served for 21 years. VIEW BIO. [39] (When Graves B. Erskine retired early to accept a civilian position in the Department of Defense in 1953, Congress had to pass special legislation to exempt him. The list, which was signed by President Biden, arrived Wednesday evening at the Senate Armed Services Committee, to start the required confirmation process, according to the committees website. cookie banner and remembering your settings, to log into your account, to redirect you when you log out, Generals of the United States Marine Corps; Generals of . Since 1985, a number of Marines have served in joint positions holding four-star rank, and it is no longer uncommon for the Corps to have four or five four-star generals on active duty at the same time. While this is typically explained as self-selectionat least some Black officersface family and community pressureto learn skills that directly translate to civilian employmentit may well be that there is subtle pressure within the Marine Corps that reinforces this. Of these, 56 achieved that rank while on active duty, 17 were promoted upon retirement in recognition of combat citations ("tombstone promotions", 19421959), and one was promoted posthumously. On May 5, 1969, President Richard Nixon signed the bill, and Lieutenant General Lewis William Walt was promoted to that rank on June 2, 1969, thus becoming the first Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps to attain four-star rank. As the commander of the First Battalion, Sixth Marine Regiment, Colonel Henderson had to come up with a plan to overrun a Taliban stronghold in the Garmsir District known as Jugroom Fort. Still, the Army had a Black one-star general, Benjamin Oliver Davis Sr., in 1940eighty years ago next month. But both Black and white Marines who have worked with him say such speculation ignores one fact: Colonel Henderson, who has a law degree from Southern University Law Center in Baton Rouge, La., and who has served multiple tours in Iraq and Afghanistan, is, in the words of Mr. Spencer, the former Navy secretary, to a 2019 promotion board, an eminently qualified Marine we need now as BG.. The number of years of active-duty service at four-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Date of rank" column from the last year in the "Position" column. The highest rank in the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps is General (four star), followed by Lieutenant General (three star), Major General (two star) and Brigadier General (one star). Generals entered the Marine Corps via several paths: 29 via Officer Candidates School (OCS), 25 via Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) at a civilian university, 10 via the United States Naval Academy (USNA), 3 via Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university, and 7 via ROTC at a senior military college. [47]) At Cates' request, Shepherd gave him the three-star job commanding Marine Corps Schools, repaying his support for Shepherd's succession. . John P. Abizaid. This is a complete list of four-star generals in the United States Marine Corps. Senior members of Military Staff Committee of United Nations: appointment", Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program, U.S. Government Publishing Office official website, "Releases - United States Department of Defense", Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Seapower and Projection Forces subcommittee, United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_lieutenant_generals_since_2010&oldid=1146402870, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Colonel Henderson is Black. Authorized officers frocked to grade of lieutenant general or general to wear the insignia of that grade for up to 14 days before assuming position for which that grade is authorized. Only one killed by the enemy, said Lance Cpl. Deputy Director, Requirements and Capability Development, J-8. Normally, such promotions would not garner much attention. This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. List of active duty United States four-star . But never in its history has the Marine Corps had anyone other than a white man in its most senior leadership posts. VIEW BIO. [50] Senior staff officers under the Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) directly reporting to the commandant and/or the assistant commandant may also hold the rank of lieutenant general. Gen. Paul M. Nakasone, whose father is a second-generation Japanese-American, leads the United States Cyber Command. language preference or login information. In The Marine Corps' First Black . Click on the different category headings to find out more and change our This has been the case with the Marine Corps. One of the first things Defense Secretary Lloyd J. Austin III did after assuming the helm of the Pentagon was to order up a service-wide Stand Down to address extremism in the military. . In an interview published in 2018 by Herocare, a benefits organization, Colonel Henderson spoke of commanding Marines in southern Afghanistan in the most vicious fighting he said he had ever seen. Colonel Henderson was hard not to like, said Cpl. The Pentagon announced on Dec. 6 that President Joe Biden had . See also United States admirals. If you have enabled privacy controls on your browser (such as a plugin), we have Tony doesnt do that, Mr. Hobbs said. There have been 74 four-star generals in the history of the United States Marine Corps. It would behoove the Marine Corps to make more detailed information available to scholars for examination. Visit www.allaboutcookies.org And now they continue to hold onto that 1950s vision of who Marines are.. [45], From the middle of his term, a commandant's choices for lieutenant general were meant to set up his preferred candidates to succeed him and eliminate others from consideration. The African-American Marines said they were happy for Colonel Williamson, whose background is communications, but added that they were ecstatic for Colonel Henderson because he comes from the combat arms background that can lead to four stars. Obviously, America has a long history of racial discrimination and Black servicemembers were only relatively recently admitted to the officer corps as anything like equal members. Colonel Henderson moved through the ranks at a lightning pace. These include commanders of high-level Marine Corps commands, such as the marine expeditionary forces and Marine service component commands. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Black officers areunderrepresented in those specialties. "If it were a question of having a Marine Corps of 5,000 whites or 250,000 Negroes," he said in 1942, "I would rather the whites.". Maj. Gen. Michael Langley said his decision to stick with the Marine Corps was based on trust won more than 30 years ago. Yet three times he has been passed over for brigadier general, a prominent one-star rank that would put Colonel Henderson on the path to the top tier of Marine Corps leadership. Notes include years of birth and death; awards of the. The rest have received one or two stars, the majority in areas such as logistics and transportation and communications, specialties that, unlike combat arms, rarely lead into the most senior leadership. Such honorary increases in rank at retirement were called tombstone promotions, since their only tangible benefit was the right to carve the higher rank on one's tombstone. Tony Henderson has the potential to be the commandant of the Marine Corps, said retired Lt. Gen. Ronald L. Bailey, the first Black man to command the First Marine Division, from 2011 to 2013. There have been 74 four-star generals in the history of the United States Marine Corps. [17][18], A decade later, Butler himself tried to promote Barnett's successor as commandant, John A. Lejeune, to lieutenant general to match the three-star rank proposed for Army corps area commanders in 1928. It was defended by about 200 to 400 Taliban members who had been fighting the British in Helmand Province, a new flash point in the war.
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