Are there lessons from the history of U.S.-China relations that could inform Americas approach toward China going forward? Huaweis website posted a story entitled Brookings Institution releases report ranking global cities on public safety innovation at Huawei Asia Pacific Innovation Day 2017, featuring a photo of West speaking. Reducing methane emissions can provide outsized near-term benefits in reducing warming, a crucial benefit in a transition that is bound to take time. China, East Asia ysun@stimson.org (202) 478-3434 Yun Sun is a Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the East Asia Program and Director of the China Program at the Stimson Center. Documents obtained by prosecutors indicate that John R. Allen, a retired general and the head of the prestigious think tank . In addition, some universities still have difficulty finding qualified Mandarin teachers, especially at the K-12 level, to satisfy remaining demand. The consequences of U.S.-China competition over AI and emerging technology extend far beyond the digital domain. He is also Special Advisor to the CEO of the Asia Group, Research Director for the McCain Institute's Kissinger Fellowship Series on U.S.-China Relations, and an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security. What role can China play in restructuring debts and ensuring their sustainability? The U.S. Indo-Pacific Command believes it plausible that China could attempt a forced reunification with Taiwan by the latter years of the 2020s; whatever Beijings actual plans, Taiwan politics interject an additional element into the strategic equation, beyond the ability of either Washington or Beijing to control. This working group will address military, strategic, and arms control dimensions of the U.S.-China relationship with a particular eye on the Taiwan challenge, since the latter is the most fraught security problem in the broader relationship. These closings and the attendant inflammatory rhetoric exacerbate a national foreign language deficit at a time when training Mandarin speakers familiar with an ever more consequential China should be a national priority. Regardless of the skepticism that it could do so, China has demonstrated its capacity to innovate and compete technologically on a global scale. When Ryan Hass of the Brookings Institution wrote for the Taipei Times in December about the importance of bipartisan support in both Taiwan and the U.S., it appeared to be an impartial op-ed. A few examples: Brookings . What are the set of core U.S. national interests that should result in strategic and well-resourced Indo-Pacific initiatives? To what extent do China, the United States, or the region see the regions relationships with China and the U.S. as zero-sum both in terms of economic and security relationships? Brookings Institution is a 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization funded through donations. Elsewhere, CIs continued to open in Chile, South Africa, Kenya and Greece, with plans to establish them in Dominica, Maldives, Chad and Central Africa. Given the allegations surrounding CIs, which continue to be pressed by bipartisan Congressional coalitions, CI host universities should all publish their CI agreements online. As a centralized visa sponsor, CIUS could help ensure compliance with U.S. law and serve as an information clearinghouse on Chinese CI personnel in the U.S., one of the benefits the department had hoped to obtain from the CIUS foreign mission designation. Total revenues $67,901,806 2021 20172018201920202021$60m$0.1b Total expenses $85,684,378 2021 20172018201920202021$80m$0.1b Total assets $568,244,186 2021 20172018201920202021$0.5b$0.5b$0.6b Num. It was approved by the Myanmar government in January 2018. It wasnt long ago that many U.S. government officials and China experts still clung to the idea that Chinese innovation was mostly based on copying U.S. methods and technology. For most developing countries, either China or the United States is the largest trading partner and access to these enormous markets is a key foundation for prosperity. What are the differences within Europe regarding relations with China, and can the United States and Europe develop common approaches to respond to Beijings economic, political, and military challenges? With respect to a frequently voiced concern that CI agreements often stipulate applicability of both U.S. and Chinese law, it reproduced a common provision also contained in the Hanban template CI agreement that Chinese personnel working at CIs must comply with U.S. law, while Chinese law would apply to Americans involved in China-based CI activities. Marshall Sahlins, an early and eloquent CI critic who was instrumental in closing the University of Chicago CI in 2014, observed ironically in mid-2018 that the American government now mimics the totalitarian regime of the PRC by dictating what can and cannot be taught in our own educational institutions.. What are the implications of Chinese activity across various strategic domains security, infrastructure, economic statecraft, and more for the United States? CLEC will continue to help provide Mandarin teachers and requested teaching materials. CNAS recommended "higher degrees of transparency" to help "ensure that this funding is not generating hidden forms of foreign lobbying . On the research front, Beijing has attempted to improve both its basic research ecosystem and to bridge the gap between basic and applied research, spurring innovation in the process. How can we define Chinas economic and security influence and role in the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa? The Declaration also contains references to softer issues, like deforestation and societal benefits of decarbonization, along with technological issues like the circular economy and carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration. How can the U.S. and its allies increase fabrication capacity outside of East Asia and increase the resilience of semiconductor supply chains? What are the interests and national security strategies of key regional players which include but go beyond the usual like-minded group: Japan, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Philippines? The Indo-Pacific is the worlds most dynamic economic region and is home to several mature democracies with advanced technological capabilities which are long-time allies or close partners of the United States. What are the implications of Chinas economic expansion and what can the U.S. and others do to set and promote global norms and standards? Visa issues for visiting teachers have prompted suspensions and contributed to cancellation of some CI programs. Nonetheless, Brookings has a conflict of interest problem with Huawei the worlds second-largest smartphone maker, behind Samsung and ahead of Apple, and a company long seen as a threat to the United States. Nowhere in the article was the Taiwan government's funding for Brookings and its scholars disclosed. In 2014, West spoke at Huawei Innovation Day in Milan. [2] This project is a 135MW gas to power plant by Sinohydro (a brand of Power Construction Corporation of China) and Supreme Trading. MOE replaced Hanban with a new agency to manage overseas language and culture exchanges, the Center for Language Education and Cooperation (CLEC). The alleged details of that journey, which leaked out via a federal search warrant application that was inadvertently made public last week, have cost Allen his $1-million-a-year job, upended. How might a global China use economic sanctions? COVID is a classic current example. How should the United States purposefully adapt its approach to China to best protect its fundamental interests? The Indo-Pacific is evolving in one more fundamental way: the rewiring of the lines of security and economic cooperation. The CI project is intended to promote a favorable understanding of China, but CIs do not enjoy a monopoly over information available on campuses, and based on interviews and at least one study, any concerns that American students will be brainwashed by CCP propaganda, delivered through CIs or otherwise, are overblown. The verdict likely will need to be viewed on a case-by-case basis. That move not only deepens tensions between the United States and China, but also highlights why U.S. government officials view Huawei as a problematic company. Beyond WeChat, China is now home to many of the worlds leading fintech companies, including Ant Financial and JD Finance, among others. How do President Xi Jinpings personal ambitions and the centralization of power in the Chinese Communist Party affect Chinas approach to foreign policy? Furthermore, in August 2021, the U.S. Senate passed major bi-partisan legislation for American competitiveness against rising China, which included $10 billion in funding to establish regional. In Portland, Oregon, smart city technologies are being deployed to collect and share data across public and private industry to increase efficiency and promote transparency. Its analysis of governance and secrecy provisions in 90 CI agreements found that U.S. university personnel generally control curriculum and teaching materials, although this is not always made clear in agreements. A State Department report on the China challenge calls for the U.S. to train a new generation of public servants and policy thinkers to attain fluency in Chinese and acquire extensive knowledge of Chinas culture and history. estimated 51 CIs, 44 of them campus-based, admitted role as a soft power instrument, The deception and detriment of US-China cultural and educational decoupling. Broadly, can the U.S. and China find a way to cooperate on energy and climate issues amidst their strained relationship? It urged closing all CIs and suggested prudential measures for universities that refused to do so. Methane is a short-lived, but very potent greenhouse gas. Established in Washington, D.C. in 2012 to promote Chinese language teaching and learning in the U.S., CIUS connects school districts interested in developing a Chinese language curriculum to appropriate CI and other resources, and provides professional development opportunities to Confucius Classroom teachers. Disturbances in the financial system, especially the U.S. one, lead to crises in the developing world. The relationship is tilted toward long-term systemic rivalry, but it is not an exclusively rivalrous relationship. The global CI program was initially launched under Chinas Ministry of Education (MOE) in 2004, and more recently has been advanced as part of the PRCs national strategy of Chinese culture going global. It consists of campus-based language and culture partnerships formerly funded in part and supported by the MOE. Yet the U.S. is facing a critical shortage of Mandarin-speaking China experts. Multiple factors, including dimmer China-related job prospects, as well as pollution and academic and lifestyle concerns relating to study within the PRC, explain this trend. In October 2017, the Brookings Institution, one of Washingtons most prestigious think tanks, published a report entitled Benefits and Best Practices of Safe City Innovation. The report included a case study praising the Kenyan capital Nairobi and the Chinese city of Lijiang for implementing new technology in policing. How can democratic governments engage strategically in AI standards setting processes without turning them into a locus of geopolitical competition? If U.S. policymakers operate under the supposition that China will merely continue to copy American technologies, strategies, and processes, they will fundamentally misunderstand Chinas strategic intentions. In Berlin, the government is working to use ICTs to make the city more efficient, healthier, cleaner, and more sustainable. Germanys China dilemma takes on a new urgency, Chinas shrinking population and constraints on its future power, April 2023 update to TIGER: A perilous moment rife with risks, USMCA Forward 2023 Chapter 2: Imports from Asia, Power play: How the US benefits if China greens the Global South, The United States, China, and the new non-aligned countries, China and India: The future of the global consumer market. In this context, it is essential to mitigate the risks of U.S.-China war over Taiwan in particular. How have China and Russia developed their deep partnership, and what are the main areas in which the two countries cooperate? The GAO found that, although 42 of the 90 agreements contained confidentiality clauses, many agreements are publicly available, either posted online, as at least 11 universities did, through state open records laws, or upon request. Rather than copying capitalist systems like that of the United States, the Chinese government has sought to create a system that, through various formal and informal channels, promotes connectivity between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and nominally private Chinese enterprises. The China challenge and critical next steps for the United States, Foreign Policy Media fpmedia@brookings.edu, U.S.-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s. West joined Brookings in 2008. the European Union and African Union) that play major roles in the diplomacy of global order and organization. In an era of tight funding for and decline of interest in Chinese language and culture programs, and a clear need for cultivating Mandarin speakers and China expertise across multiple disciplines, the modest financial contribution and native Mandarin language professionals provided through an appropriately managed CI network should be welcomed, not castigated. The Brookings Doha Center, an arm of the think tank in Qatar's capital that focuses on Middle East issues, is funded largely by the Qatari government, which has pledged $21.6 million to . Our group will focus on strengthening U.S. responses to the Taiwan security challenge in particular. The subsequent closure of CIs at two universities attracted congressional scrutiny and prompted a series of dueling reports. Chinese capabilities and ambitions have grown substantially to become the second largest economy in the world, largest trading partner for all regional economies, and a formidable military power with sizable and non-transparent defense expenditures. This has captured the imagination and heightened the concern of strategists and policy-makers in Asia and the United States, and to a lesser extent Europe. What are other worthy goals that merit policy focus, but that fall below must have priorities with respect to China? Moreover, after the Hanban reorganization in June 2020, CIUS is no longer directly supported by Chinas MOE, nor has it received any funding from CLEC or CIEF and must look to fundraising from Chinese and U.S. universities and other sources. Here, China has shifted from being a rule-taker to a rule-shaper. These include: What approach can the U.S. pursue across strategic domains to integrate economic, military, and diplomatic measures to avoid conflict with China? Beijings move to establish a comprehensive technology transfer system is founded on the assumption that these strategic technologies will make their way to China in order to be re-innovated, not just copied. To meet this challenge, the U.S. government should increase funding for Mandarin language and China studies courses, but also stop forcing cash-strapped universities to choose between federal funding and properly managed CI programs. The Indo-Pacific Quad, which includes the United States, Australia, India, and Japan is increasingly an important forum for American policy in the region. From a U.S. policy perspective, a more holistic understanding of Chinas innovation strategybeyond a myopic focus on technology transferwill be key to effectively competing with China in emerging and foundational technologies. In a 2014 report on CI partnerships, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) argued that allowing third-party control of academic matters compromises academic freedom and institutional autonomy. This number includes at least seven CIs that are scheduled to close in 2021. At stake are core democratic values that underpin free and open societies. There also is deep interdependence between the United States and China across a range of issues. His connection with Huawei goes back at least to 2012, when he spoke about broadband development at a Huawei conference in Barcelona, according to Huaweis website. Brookings is now launching Phase 2 of the Global China Project which builds upon the research and analysis of the first phase, and shifts toward prescription, focusing on advancing recommendations on how the United States should respond to Chinas actions that implicate key American interests and values. In the past, many analysts have been skeptical of the potential for deep cooperation between two countries that have had difficult relations historically. By focusing on where all groups are thriving, we can see where cooperation and democratic decisionmaking are most likely to be a reality and work toward high levels of well-being for everyone . With U.S.-China bilateral technology investment seeing a steep 96 percent decline since 2016, Beijing has been forced to look for new ways to source key technologies, turning to shell companies and intermediary agents to source foreign components, reagents, and other relevant equipment. To drive the development of new policy thinking for Americas approach to China, this working group will examine several central questions as well as other issues that are derivative of them. According to Open Secrets, Brookings has donated 96% or $824,259 to Democratic candidates and causes since 1990. The management scholar Nir Kshetri attributes this success to a handful of factors, including a high degree of technological savvy among Chinese consumers, a fintech-friendly regulatory environment, and Chinas improving science and technology prowess. Online. China has worked to restructure its higher education system to develop universities capable of conducting research and competing at an international level through the 985 Project, the 211 Project, and now the Double First-Class Plan. For the United States, it is about protecting a crucial democratic friend, and perhaps also reducing the odds that China could gain a strategic asset. Founded by Professor Paul Gewirtz in 1999 as the China Law Center, the Paul Tsai China Center is the primary home for activities related to China at Yale Law School. U.S.-based China and Taiwan-oriented groups also offer various Chinese education, culture and teacher training courses, as well as teaching of Chinese dialects and traditional Chinese characters still used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It is modernizing its forces with a range of advanced technologies while preparing a nuclear weapons buildup that could make it a near-peer of the United States by the nuclear metric within a decade or so. And like Britain and the United States before it, it increasingly views its challenge to the primacy of the status quo power and its growing influence in global order and governance, as two sides of the same strategy. But in terms of issues that could grow directly out of the U.S.-China relationship, and that both sides take seriously enough to make the prospect of high-end warfare credible, the Taiwan issue stands out. How can Washington ensure that democracies take the lead in privacy-preserving machine learning, explainable machine learning, and AI safety? Government backing and incentives for research have enhanced Chinas innovation potential. In the strategic competition with China, U.S. alliances and partnerships in Europe and the Indo-Pacific play an important role in enhancing American power. The American hub-and-spoke alliance system is increasingly operating in tandem with networked security arrangements such as the Quad, AUKUS, and a host of issue-specific bilaterals and trilaterals. Some questions this group will explore include: China is increasingly using diplomatic and economic tools to challenge the terms of global order and governance; how should the United States and others respond? The study further called for congressional inquiries to evaluate CI national security risks through spying or collecting sensitive information and their role in monitoring and harassing Chinese, although it documented no such incidents. It also aims to leverage new forms of AI-enabled surveillance and repression in ways that strengthen its illiberal model of governanceboth within China and around the world. Every day, China is disproving this line of thinking. Some CIs specialized in areas such as healthcare, business, Chinese food and beverage culture, and Chinese film. How does the Sino-Russia relationship enhance each countrys power globally and vis--vis the United States? The U.S. government launched an initiative with Taiwan in December 2020 to expand existing Mandarin language opportunities in the U.S. and help fill a gap created by CI closings. Individuals are able to do almost anything using the app, from ordering food and paying bills to filing for divorce and applying for visas. Similarly, biotech giant BGI has managed to dominate the genetic sequencing industry via private investment and government subsidies and support. Is China interfering in American politics? Has US-China rivalry passed a tipping point? How serious is the risk of war over Taiwan? Isaac Stone Fish: Yes, the U.S. is in bad shape. These findings will help shape discourse on the tools available to the United States and its partners to address Chinese behaviors of concern. Universities should, of course, continue to be vigilant against the potential for unwelcome influence including implicit pressure on faculty to self-censor, as well as to ensure compliance with the Department of Educations foreign gift and other reporting requirements, and visa rules for CI exchange visitors. China is the largest official bilateral creditor to the developing world, mainly via infrastructure loans at commercial interest rates in its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). West didnt respond to multiple requests for comment. Chinese leadership appears to have recognized the potential constraints early on and has worked to adapt the Chinese system to combine the innovative aspects of capitalism with more rigid, traditional socialist features. But we will also examine Chinese use of diplomatic and economic instruments to shape and in some cases subvert the workings of regional organizations (e.g. Our records indicate this scholar adhered to these policies regarding reimbursement and disclosure.) West attended Huaweis fourth annual European Innovation Day in Paris in 2016, where he shared his thoughts on how wireless technology is reshaping our lives, according to a Huawei press release. At least three U.S. universities with CIs have hosted the Dalai Lama, although a CI director warned another universitys provost that re-scheduling a cancelled visit by the Dalai Lama could disrupt relationships with China, leading the provost to observe that a CI does present opportunities for subtle pressure and conflict. Most CIs do limit their scope to language and traditional culture, leaving political and other topics to other university contexts. Can the U.S. and China work together to make progress on new uses of technology to fight these challenges. Early attempts to impose political requirements for CIs to support the One China Principle or refrain from discussing Tibet, for example, were rejected. RYAN HASS is Michael H. Armacost Chair in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution. Assessments of innovative capacity by regime type, while interesting in theory, have not held up in practice. The report said the Johns Hopkins School of Advance International Studies, a major foreign policy education and analysis institute, has received funding from Tung Chee-hwa, a vice chairman of. The company is effectively an arm of the Chinese government, Arkansas Senator Tom Cotton said in February, and its more than capable of stealing information from U.S. officials by hacking its devices. (Huawei has long denied those allegations. It will also be a poor foundation for tackling global challenges such as pandemic control and climate change.
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