It also shaped sports culture as well as the sports industry specifically Baseball and the Football Association into what is today. The decisive battle The Lord Willingdon Memorial incident of December 1918 saw the handicap of Home Rulers in Bombay. Their religious practices could be summed up as animism. Collectively these works make a significant contribution to the appreciation of such matters as working-class politics, the changing character of workers' neighbourhoods, land use, urban planning, and the ways the city has been imagined and experienced by its citizens. [183] In 1996, the newly elected Shiv Sena-led government renamed the city of Bombay to the native name Mumbai, after the Koli native Marathi people Goddess Mumbadevi. As against this, the colonial powers added an average of about 240,000 square miles (620,000 square kilometres) a year between the late 1870s and World War I (1914-18). [171] During the 1970 there were Bombay-Bhiwandi riots. The Portuguese Viceroy declined to interfere and Shipman was prevented from landing in Bombay. by the joining together of [67] With the construction of a good carriage road up the Bhor Ghat during the regimes of Mountstuart Elphinstone and Sir John Malcolm gave better access from Bombay to the Deccan. the Colaba Causeway in Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org) is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the worlds leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. The city received 37inches (940 millimeters) of rain in 24 hours the most any Indian city has ever received in a single day. It connected Bombay Island to Kurla in Salsette. 19th century. not yet psychologically prepared for this step. The Bombay metro area faced some unfortunate events like the inter-communal riots of 199293, while the 1993 Mumbai bombings caused extensive loss of life and property. Request Permissions, Review by: [145] The Bombay Chronicle started by Pherozeshah Mehta, the leader of the Indian National Congress, in 1910, played an important role in the national movement until India's Independence. [133] The Victoria Terminus of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway, one of the finest stations in the world, was completed in May 1888. The islands were wrested from Pratapbimba's control by Mubarak Khan, a self-proclaimed regent of the Khalji dynasty, who occupied Mahim and Salsette in 1318. Later, Cooke managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala for the English. effect in that the town could be built anew, to a better plan. Technology has changed the world in many ways, but perhaps no period introduced more changes than the Second Industrial Revolution. [4] The present day city was built on what was originally an archipelago of seven islands of Mumbai Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old Woman's Island (also known as Little Colaba). [136] In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week. [citation needed] Later, between the 2nd century BCE and 10th . [55] In 1670, the Parsi businessman Bhimjee Parikh imported the first printing press into Bombay. In southern Africa, the kingdom of Lesotho was exceptional because. specially during the American Civil War (1861-65), created a pool of wealth, not only Among the most notable of those were the bombing of a train in July 2006 and the simultaneous siege of several sites in the city in late November 2008; nearly 200 lives were lost in each of the two incidents. Colaba in 1844, establishing this newly opened up section as an Forjett had the alleged ring-leaders blown from cannon on that day. [citation needed] The Kolis and Aagri (a Marathi-Konkani people)[1] were the earliest known settlers of the islands. [170] In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. Every floor contained rooms, Modelled after army By Rajnarayan Chandavarkar. The Maurya Empire gained control of the islands during the 3rd century BCE and transformed them into a centre of Hindu-Buddhist culture and religion. During the last half of the late 19th century, Chicago proved to be the fastest growing city in the world. [67] The Bombay Coast and River Steam Navigation Company was established in 1866 for the maintenance of steam ferries between Bombay and the nearby islands;[67] while the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 revolutionized the marine trade of Bombay. October, 1884 Protocols of the Proceedings", "The New Annual Register, Or General Repository of History, Politics, and Literature, for the Year 1813", "Bombay in the making: Being mainly a history of the origin and growth of judicial institutions in the Western Presidency, 16611726", "Indian Shipping: A Case Study of the Working of Imperialism", "Portuguese Settlements on the Western Coast", "Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palographic, of the Late James Prinsep", "Bombay Place-Names and Street-Names:An excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City", Portuguese India History: The Northern Province: Bassein, Bombay-Mumbai, Damao, Chaul, A collection of pages on Mumbai's History, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (Prince of Wales Museum), Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT), Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), SP Jain Institute of Management and Research, Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE), Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics, V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (King George High School), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS), Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago, Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Mumbai&oldid=1150987842, Articles with dead external links from August 2021, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from June 2022, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from June 2022, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan. Indigenous tribals have inhabited Mumbai (Bombay) since the Stone Age. 2 The Battle of Swally was fought between the British and the Portuguese at Surat in 1612 for the possession of Bombay. So the Dabbawala service was set up to bring lunch to these people in their workplace straight from their home. [127] The Princess Dock was built in 1885 as part of a scheme for improving the whole foreshore of the Bombay harbour. [19] The Mauryan presence ended when the Chalukyas of Badami in Karnataka under Pulakeshin II invaded the islands in 610. [150] The first electric locomotives in India were put into service from Victoria Terminus to Kurla in 1925. [31] It was reconquered by Rai Qutb of the Gujarat Sultanate. other things, set out the possibility of demolition of encroachments. Sometimes, several The Mahim Causeway was not [64][65] The Company immediately set about the task of opening up the islands by constructing a quay and warehouses. [113] The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was incorporated in 1855.[114]. suppressed; but [151] In the late 1920s, many Persians migrated to Bombay from Yazd to escape the drought in Iran. Even before the island was joined to Bombay, it was a cantonment Avabai, Lady the This resulted in a large influx of traders, artisans, merhcants and labourers into the city. A few years later the city changed its name to Mumbai, the Marathi name for the city. The Asiatic Society of Bombay (Town Hall) was completed in 1833,[67][104] and the Elphinstone College was built in 1835. After his death in 1303, he was succeeded by his son Pratapbimba, who built his capital at Marol in Salsette, which he named Pratappur. [73] The Treaty of Westminster concluded between England and the Netherlands in 1674, relieved the British settlements in Bombay of further apprehension from the Dutch. broke out this year. The bomb killed 1 and injured 25. [121] The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), originally set up as a tramway company: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, was established in 1873. The labour force was constituted mainly This work was completed in 1845, but [103] The Bombay Municipal Corporation was established in 1872, providing a modern framework of governance for the rapidly growing city. Soon it was trading in salt, rice, ivory, cloth, lead and sword blades with many Indian ports as well as with the Arabian cities of Mecca and Basra. Castella de Aguada (Fort of the Waterpoint) was built by the Portuguese at Bandra in 1640 as a watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim. [120] Tramway communication was instituted in 1873. The Shiv Sena party was established on 19 June 1966 by Bombay cartoonist Bal Thackeray, out of a feeling of resentment about the relative marginalization of the native Marathi people in their native state Maharashtra. was then made Commissioner of the Deccan in 1818. was at Kirki in November 1817. The Treaty of Bassein (1534) between the Portuguese viceroy Nuno da Cunha and Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, placed the islands into Portuguese possession in 1534. Simultaneously a labour movement was organized. built by the government. [119] The Bombay Port Trust was promulgated in 1870 for the development and administration of the port. According to Fig. Early Labor Unions. When cotton exports from the USA were interrupted by the Civil War, Bombay VT, university, BMC, town hall, etc. The Economic and Political Weekly, published from Mumbai, is an Indian institution which enjoys a global reputation for excellence in independent scholarship and critical inquiry. [34][35], Ahmad Shah I retaliated by sending his son Jafar Khan to recapture the lost territory. To begin with, employers accommodated these workers in since all the enemy powers were now subjugated. The pioneering work of Solow (1957) and Abramovitz (1956) both suggested that expansion in labor and capital accounted for no more than 15% of total growth in US output per head between the middle of the 19th century and the 1950s. [70] The harbour was also developed during his governorship, with space for the berthing of 20 ships. [105] In 1836, the Chamber of Commerce was established. the Deccan to the British power, improved communications between Bombay [172] During the 1970s, coastal communication increased between Bombay and south western coast of India, after introduction of ships by the London-based trade firm Shepherd. [6] Buddhist monks, scholars, and artists created the artwork, inscriptions, and sculpture of the Kanheri Caves in the mid third century BCE[9] and Mahakali Caves. The plague killed thousands, and many fled the city leading to a drastic fall in the population of the city. Mumbai in 1888. [166] Following protests by the Samyukta Maharashtra movement in which 105 people were killed by police firing, Maharashtra State was formed with Bombay as its capital on 1 May 1960. Ahmad Shah I responded with a large army and navy under Jafar Khan leading to the defeat of Ahmad Shah I Wali. [198] In 2008, the city experienced xenophobic attacks by the activists of the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) under Raj Thackeray on the North Indian migrants in Mumbai. [195] 209 people were killed[196] and over 700 were injured. I am looking for population data (or datasets) for Mumbai/Bombay, India going back as far as 1850s. residents were paying taxes to the civil authorities for the upkeep and These have been frequently reviewed along with Philip Huang's The Peasant Family and . [11], The islands were under Muslim rule from 1348 to 1391. This volcanic activity resulted in the formation of basaltic outcrops, such as the Gilbert Hill, that are seen at various locations in the city. During the early 15th century, the Bhandaris seized the island of Mahim from the Sultanate and ruled it for eight years. [144] On 22 July 1908, Lokmanya Tilak, the principal advocate of the Swadeshi movement in Bombay, was sentenced to six years rigorous imprisonment, on the charge of writing inflammatory articles against the Government in his newspaper Kesari. [130] The Bombay Millowners' Association was formed in February 1875 by Dinshaw Maneckji Petit in order to lourdes central school protect interests of workers threatened by possible factory and tariff legislation by the British. [139] The significant results of the plague was the creation of the Bombay City Improvement Trust on 9 December 1898[140] and the Haffkine Institute on 10 January 1899 by Waldemar Haffkine. [142] The cotton mill industry was adversely affected during 1900 and 1901 due to the flight of workers because of the plague. Did you know? But, with the end of the Civil War, cotton prices crashed and the bubble burst. At first, compared with Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Madras (now Chennai), Bombayas it was called by the Britishwas not a great asset to the company but merely helped it keep a toehold on the west coast. From the late 19th to early 20th centuries . [37] During 14911494, the islands suffered sea piracies from Bahadur Khan Gilani, a nobleman of the Bahamani Sultanate. Nigel Harris' paper set out to examine Bombay's rise in the early 19th century was how cities are reacting to competing in an at a time when the Peshwa kingdom was open world economy and second, how collapsing and this led to a congregation Bombayof might perform in the same context. [13] The islands were known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150CE. [187], During the 21st century, the city suffered several bombings. The city was ruled in the 6th8th century by the Chalukyas, who left their mark on Elephanta Island (Gharapuri). On the mainland the Mughals in the north, the Marathas (under the venerated leader Chhatrapati Shivaji) in the area surrounding and stretching eastward from Bombay, and the territorial princes in Gujarat to the northwest were more powerful. These workers were called Kamathis, and their enclave was called Kamathipura. Economic and Political Weekly of the war, it was over. [citation needed] The Kolis and Aagri (a Marathi-Konkani people) were the earliest known settlers of the islands.The Maurya Empire gained control of the islands during the 3rd century BCE and transformed them into a centre of Hindu-Buddhist culture and religion. The following is a timeline of the growth of Mumbai's population over the last four centuries: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [45], The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their religious orders in Bombay. By joining [200] There were a series of ten coordinated terrorist attacks by 10 armed Pakistani men using automatic weapons and grenades which began on 26 November 2008 and ended on 29 November 2008. Thus, the increase in new territories claimed in the first 75 years of the 19th century averaged about 83,000 square miles (215,000 square kilometres) a year. [53] These Christians were referred to by the British as Portuguese Christians, though they were Nestorian Christians who had only recently established ties with the Roman Catholic Church. In 1849 the Great Indian Peninsular (GIP) Railways was incorporated [67] On 5 November 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone[101] defeated Bajirao II, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, in the Battle of Kirkee which took place on the Deccan Plateau. [25] He built the first Babulnath temple in the region and introduced many fruit-bearing trees, including coconut palms to the islands. [107] On 3 November 1845, the Grant Medical College and hospital, the third in the country, was founded by Governor Robert Grant. [85] The Maratha victory forced the British to push settlements within the fort walls of the city. Bombay was renamed Mumbai on 6 March 1996. The citys infrastructure was improved considerably with the construction of new highways and bridges, expansion of port facilities, and the inauguration of new public-transit systems. [98] The construction of the Sion Causeway was completed in 1802 by Governor Jonathan Duncan. ", "Local 'army' offers to protect Bombay's 'Castella', "Security, the central component of an early modern institutional matrix; 17th century Bombay's Economic Growth", International Society for New Institutional Economics (ISNIE), "Mazgaon fort was blown to pieces 313 years ago", Calcutta Magazine and Monthly Register 1832, Acquisition, Changes, and Staff (Acquisition, 17741817, "BMC allots Rs 14 cr to upgrade Mahim Causeway", Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Gr.of Hospitals, "Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, first Baronet, 18231901", "From Distrust to Reconciliation (The Making of the Ganesh Utsav in Maharashtra)", "The Swadeshi Movement: Culmination of Cultural Nationalism", "BMC will give jobs to kin of Samyukta Maharashtra martyrs", Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture 1983, "About Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)", "The Great Mumbai Textile Strike 25 Years On", "Profile of Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House (Nhava Sheva)", "Victims await Mumbai 1993 blasts justice", "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus chugs towards a new heritage look", "Blast outside Ghatkopar station in Mumbai, 2 killed", "Blast in Ghatkopar in Mumbai, 4 killed and 32 injured", "At least 174 killed in Indian train blasts", "India police: Pakistan spy agency behind Mumbai bombings", "Thackeray continues tirade against North Indians", "North Indian taxi drivers attacked in Mumbai", "HM announces measures to enhance security", "3 bomb blasts in Mumbai; 8 killed, 70 injured", "Death toll in Mumbai terror blasts rises to 19", "International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. [3] Pleistocene sediments found near Kandivali in northern Mumbai by British archaeologist Malcolm Todd in 1939 indicate habitation since the Stone Age. The founding of the CIT and the new suburbs. [192] On 25 August 2003, two blasts in South Mumbai one near the Gateway of India and the other at Zaveri Bazaar in Kalbadevi occurred. Jafar emerged victorious in the battle fought with Ahmad Shah I Wali. By the mid-19th century, industrialization was well-established throughout the western part of Europe and America's northeastern region. [102] The success of the British campaign in the Deccan witnessed the freedom of Bombay from all attacks by native powers. Much of this money was channelled such chawls would border a common enclosed space. Avabai Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy funded the construction of the Mahim Causeway,[98] to connect Mahim to Bandra and the work was completed in 1845. In 1812 an Ordinance was promulgated which, among Theater of Conflict, City of Hope: Mumbai, 1660 to Present Times. [42] During 152829, Lopo Vaz de Sampaio seized the fort of Mahim from the Gujarat Sultanate, when the King was at war with Nizam-ul-mulk, the emperor of Chaul, a town south of the islands. In the 19th and early 20 century, the population of Mumbai mainly consisted of those born outside. [51], The Portuguese encouraged intermarriage with the local population, and strongly supported the Roman Catholic Church. 1 Demographic research suggests that at the beginning of the 19 th century no country in the world had a life expectancy longer than 40 years. area; it remains so even now. He was forced to retire to the island of Anjediva in North Canara and died there in October 1664.
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