The most recent report about a possible link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mtDNA genotypes might show evidence for subhaplogroup H5 as a risk factor for late onset AD.[11]. I did the geno 2.0 test. Halogroup H was equally sparse among the oldest Neolithic samples from Southeast Europe. [17], In December 2012, a genetic study conducted by the same researchers who decoded King Tutankhamun's DNA predicted using an STR-predictor that Ramesses III, second pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and considered to be the last great New Kingdom regent to wield any substantial authority over Egypt, belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup E-M2, alternatively known as haplogroup E1b1a. [66] Somerled belongs to haplogroup R1a1. [citation needed], Minamoto no Yoritomo (11471199), the first shgun of the Kamakura shogunate, and a descendant of Emperor Seiwa (858876), the 56th Emperor of Japan. Genealogies show that Charles II of England had the same matrilineal ancestress as Queen Victoria, namely Anne of Bohemia and Hungary. H1 and H3 lineages would have been some of the most prevalent mt-haplogroups among the Megalithic cultures of Western Europe, which spanned the whole Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods, from the 5th millennium BCE until the arrival of the Proto-Celts (Y-DNA R1b) from 2200 BCE to 1800 BCE (or up to 1200 BCE in parts of Iberia). I only wrote that Hitler's haplogroup is E1b1b, being more common among Afroasiatic speakers than among overall Germans. The Jeffersons belong to Haplogroup T (M184) (formerly known as K2). This haplotype belongs to haplogroup C3c, and is estimated to be about five centuries old. H3 has a very similar distribution to H1, but more confined to Europe and the Maghreb, and is generally two to three times less common than H1. [90], Matt Lauerbelongs to Y-DNA haplogroupJ2. Analysis of the 33,000 years old mtDNA from Kostenki 14, found by the Don river, Russia has shown that Kostenki belongs to theU2subclade. Because mtDNA is carried through the direct female line, some researchers have identified the haplotype of historic persons by testing descendants in their direct female line. DNA purported to be from Genghis Khan does not have the benefit of near and easily documented lineages. Nurhaci, founding father of theQing Dynasty, may have belonged to Y-DNA haplogroupC3caccording to DNA tests of men from northeastern China and Mongolia which revealed a unique haplotype. Taking into consideration that the partial Y-chromosome profile is extremely rare in modern human databases, we concluded that both males could be paternally related." Another Neolithic expansion started off from the Balkans, commencing in Thessaly circa 6500 BCE and spreading at first (6300-5800 BCE) to modern Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Serbia. Toni de-Dios et al. observed a frequency peak for H5a in the Franco-Cantabrian region decreasing towards East Europe and commented that "This is compatible with a process of demographic repopulation of Europe after the LGM period centered in this climatic and geographic refuge. H5* is present at low levels (1%3%) throughout the Near East. [10] The instructions for displaying your results for the Administrators to see are: 1. Eva-Liis Loogvali et al., Disuniting Uniformity: A Pied Cladistic Canvas of mtDNA Haplogroup H in Eurasia. Haplogroup H possesses approximately 90 basal subclades identified to date, most of which further subdivided in other subclades. This includes H14 and H18. It is in this culture that the earliest domesticated grapes have been found. Others may have come from the North Caucasus, like H2a1, or from the advance of Neolithic farmers from the Balkans to Northeast Europe, like H7. [60], Analysis of two beard hairs revealed that Napoleon Bonaparte belonged to Y haplogroup E1b1b1c1* (E-M34*).[61]. These are results from ancient samples of the person or reputed remains of the person. [73][74]Most living Princes of theRurik Dynastyor Rurikids also belong to this haplogroup, specifically those descending fromVladimir II Monomakh. Professor Michael Hammer of Family Tree DNA said that "scientific studies as well as records from our own database[,] make it clear that one cannot reach the kind of conclusion featured in the published articles." Only a few ancient mtDNA sequences from this period have been tested. Therefore, not all men who belong to this haplogroup are descendants of Niall. Famous English physicianWilliam Harvey, who was the first in the Western world to describesystemic circulation, belonged to Y-DNA haplogroupE1b1b1, more specifically to the subclade E1b1b1c1 (M34). Direct male-line descendants of a cousin of United States presidentThomas JeffersonwereDNA testedto investigate historical assertions that Jefferson fathered children with his slaveSally Hemings. 4. "[12] However such a scenario would be too early for the date of c. 5500 BC. [37] A followup publication precisely identified the haplogroup more precisely as a subgroup of O-M175, designated O1b1-F1462(xPK4). Haplogroup H is the most common and most diverse maternal lineage in Europe, in most of the Near East and in the Caucasus region. [58] Combining these sources gives the consolidated 21-marker haplotype below. Britain & Scandinavia The domestication of wild cereals could have taken place as early as 23,000 years before present in the southern Levant, although the actual cultivation of wheat and barley didn't start until 11,500 ybp. Warren BuffettandJimmy Buffettbelong to Y-DNA haplogroup I1 which is most common in and around Scandinavia. Already living a (semi-)nomadic existence as cattle herders since the Neolithic (=> see R1b history), horse riding and bronze working provided PIE steppe people with the means to invade and conquer practically any part of the world they wished. In 2003 Oxford University researchers traced the Y-chromosome signature of Somerled of Argyll, one ofScotland's greatest warriors, who is credited with driving out theVikings. This could be the case of haplogroups H4, H10, H17, H45, as well as many minor subclades for which too little data is available at the moment, but that seem to be exclusively European. [67] Sykes deduced that despite Somerled's reputation for having driven out the Vikings from Scotland, Somerled's own Y-DNA closely matched that of the Vikings he fought. [25], Albert Einstein is alleged to belong to Y Haplogroup E.[40][41] Tested Einsteins from Germany belong to E1b1b1b2* (cluster SNP PF1952, formerly known as the E-Z830-B or "Jewish cluster"). It has been linked to maternally inherited thinness (Parker 2005), thinness at birth (Soini 2012), an increased body mass index (Liou 2007), and increased frequency of type 2 diabetes in the UK (Poulton 2002) and in Asia (Weng 2005 and Park 2008). All the rest are speculations of journalists who didn't even take the trouble to read my article, although I had it translated into English especially for this purpose. The Unetice culture, which is thought to mark the arrival of R1b in Central Europe (but overlapping with the previous R1a expansion), had individuals belonging to H2a1a3, H3, H4a1a1a2, H7h, H11a, H82a. The Jeffersons belong toHaplogroup T(former K2). In 2005 a study by Professor ofHuman GeneticsBryan SykesofOxford Universityled to the conclusion that Somerled has possibly 500,000 living descendants - making him the second most common historical ancestor afterGenghis Khan. Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, is believed to belong to Y-DNA HaplogroupE1b1b1 (E-M35), an haplogroup which originated inEast Africaabout 22,400 years BP. This is a list of haplogroups of historic people.Haplogroups can be determined from the remains of historical figures, or derived from genealogical DNA tests of people who trace their direct maternal or paternal ancestry to a noted historical figure. As our ancestors ventured out of eastern Africa, they bran ched off in diverse groups that crossed and recrossed the globe over tens of thousands of y ears. Decorte said that permission from the Russian government to make a conclusive analysis of the jawbone of Adolf Hitler, or from the bloodstained cloth of the sofa where he committed suicide would put an end to the speculations, but that had not been granted. Remaining hgs (T, J2a and N1a) were identified in one individual each. In 2019, Leonard Sax published an article titled "Aus den Gemeinden von Burgenland: Revisiting the question of Adolf Hitlers paternal grandfather". It also allowed to validate the remains of Alexei, son of Nicholas II. [2], Luke the Evangelist is a Christian saint and apostle born on 1st century A.D. in Roman Syria and died in Roman Greece. It was not discussed in a 2010 academic study that included DNA profiling of some of the male mummies of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, and was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. [32], The genetic study "Population genomics of the Viking world" was published September 16, 2020 in Nature, and showed that Gleb Svyatoslavich (sample VK542), an 11th century Rurikid Prince of Tmutarakan and Novgorod in Kievan Rus', was found to belong to Y-DNA haplogroup I2a1a2b1a1a (I-Y3120) and mtDNA haplogroup H5a2a. [46], Y chromosome haplogroup C2c1a1a1-M407 is carried by Mongol descendants of the Northern Yuan ruler from 14741517, Dayan Khan, who is a male line descendant of Genghis Khan which was found out after geneticists in Mongolia conducted tests on them. Among over 40 mtDNA sub-haplogroups analysed, we found that sub-haplogroup H5 is a risk factor for AD (OR = 1.85, 95% CI:1.04-3.23) in particular for females (OR = 2.19, 95% CI:1.06-4.51) and independently from the APOE genotype. [70][71], Haplogroup J2 is commonly found within Asia Minor, Persia, Central Asia and the Caucasus Mountains and is frequent in modern and historical inhabitants of the Levant and Fertile Crescent especially among Jews and in Lebanon. He descends from James Phelps of Chowan, North Carolina. "[59], Interpretations claiming that these DNA results show that Hitler possibly had Jewish ancestry are contradicted by the conclusion of Jean-Paul Mulders: "Hitler had no Jewish blood nor a French son.". I found this to be one of the coolest parts of my 23andMe results. In 2005 a study by Professor of Human Genetics Bryan Sykes of Oxford University led to the conclusion that Somerled has possibly 500,000 living descendants. [8] However the level generally averages around 5%. When the climate started warming up and the ice caps progressively receded, people recolonised Europe from these LGM refugia. The one known subclade of H5 is H5a, defined by T4336C in the control region, which has its own subclades of H5a1 and H5a2. . Subsequent testing in 2012 on amummifiedhead, purportedly that of KingHenri IV of France, revealed that typing of a limited number of Y-STR's showed a Y-Dna haplogroup of G2a. Gia Long, who was the first emperor of the Nguyn dynasty of Vietnam founded by the Nguyn-Phuoc family may have belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup O-M95 according to the DNA tests of one documented descendant (if paternity matches genealogy). Ancient DNA from the Catacomb culture, strongly associated with Y-haplogroup R1a, yielded samples belonging to H1, H2a1 and H6. Megalithic people would have belonged essentially to Y-haplogroups I2, G2a and E1b1b, with the possible addition of J2 lineages during the Chalcolithic. The frequency of haplogroup H in Europe usually ranges between 40% and 50%. (2018) found H5a1 in 2% (1/50) of a sample of Pamiris from Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan and in 1.9% (1/54) of a sample of Kyrgyz from Artux. Bogdanowicza et al. [38]The actual term used was G2a4, but the presumed L91 mutation has since been given a new category, G2a2b. These would have included H5a, H8 and H15. In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Helena. Other frequent hgs in the ME population were K, J and X, each occurring in two specimens. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, c. 26,500 to 19,000 ybp), human populations in Europe were mostly confined to refugia in southern France, Iberia, Italy, the Balkans and the Pontic Steppe. MtDNAresults come from historical persons whose mitochondrial DNA has been tested; it identifies direct maternal ancestry, which is just one line out of many. The remains of the younger of the two women buried with theOseberg shipwas tested and discovered to have mtDNA of U7. Nicholas II has been predicted as having a Y-DNA R1b haplotype. The Stewart (Royal) DNA Project has been designed to cater for men who descend, or believe they descend, from the ancient Scottish family known colloquially as the Royal Stewarts. His results matched those of a cousin, Count Nikolai Trubetskoy. Originating in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe, to the north of the Black Sea and the Caucasus, PIE speakers were the first people to use bronze technologies for military purposes, starting from c. 3700 BCE. Alexander Hamiltonbelonged to Y-DNAhaplogroup I1. Napoleon Bonapartebelonged to haplogroupE1b1b1c1* (E-M34*). H5 has been dated to around 11,500 BP (9500 BC). Charles Darwinbelonged toHaplogroup R1b, based on a sample from his great-great-grandson. In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Helena. H4 was found in Neolithic Spain and is found today among both the Basques and the Sardinians, two populations with a high percentage of mixed Mesolithic and Neolithic European ancestry. [56]According to Ronny Decorte, genetics expert at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven who sampled Hitler's current patrilineal living relatives, Hitler "would not have been happy" as the research could be interpreted to show that his own origins were neither "pure" nor "Aryan". [55], Direct male-line descendants of a cousin of United States president Thomas Jefferson were DNA tested to investigate historical assertions that Jefferson fathered children with his slave Sally Hemings.[56]. (2012). So, it may be that the haplogroup previously attributed to Niall is actually attributable to Conn of the Hundred Battles. The paternalgenomeof her father's line is HaplogroupR1b(Y-DNA). As part of the same analysis, mitochondrial types were determined for four further individuals, thought to have been the Royal Physician and servants. [9] Although some research gives the highest levels of H5 concentration throughout Europe as being in Wales. Many answers came from the several ancient DNA studies conducted in 2015. However, testing on some of his supposed relatives show he might have belonged to haplogroup R-U106 (a subclade of R1b). This, in order to convey that he was not exactly what during the Third Reich would have been called 'Aryan.' An academic study which includedDNA profilingof some of the related male mummies of the18th Dynasty of Egyptwas published in theJournal of the American Medical Associationin 2010. Citing Family Tree DNA's own data that shows that more than 9% of the German and Austrian population belong to E-M35, and that about 80% of these are not Jewish, Hammer concluded, "[t]his data clearly shows that just because one person belongs to the branch of the Y-chromosome referred to as haplogroup E1b1b, that does not mean the person is likely to be of Jewish ancestry."[54]. Korguz (Chinese: ) was the son of a princess of Kublai Khan and he was the king of the Ongud and a descendant of Gok-Turk. The presence of H1 was confirmed in remains from the Late Neolithic Funnel Beaker culture in Scandinavia, which can also be classified as a Megalithic culture. Europe and Scandinavia, yielded samples belonging to H1ca1, H2a1, H4a1, H5a1, H6a1a and H10e. It should be noted that Dr. Moore's results examined some different parts of DNA (loci) from the result given here. The supposed remains ofFrancesco Petrarcawere tested for DNA in 2003.[1]. His mtDNA cannot be categorized into any of the three modern branches of that subclade (K1a, K1b or K1c). [84], Wyatt Emory CooperandAnderson Cooperbelong to Y-DNAhaplogroup R1a. Based on the observation of two HVR1 sequence differences, it was concluded that it is highly unlikely that the woman was the king's mother. Emanuel Swedenborg (16881772), the 18th century scientist and mystic from Sweden likely belonged to the haplogroup I1-BY229,[68] a haplogroup with a common ancestor about 1500 years ago who lived somewhere in central Scandinavia.[69]. On 4 February 2013, University of Leicester researchers announced that there was an mtDNA match between that of a skeleton exhumed in Leicester suspected of belonging to Richard III and that of Joy Ibsen's son, Michael Ibsen, and a second unnamed direct maternal line descendant. American actorTom Hanks, a descendant of William Hanks of Richmond, Virginia, belongs tohaplogroup R1a1. Many top level or major European or Middle Eastern haplogroups are also defined by additional mutations in MT-CYB, e.g. Given the sample size, however, this result cannot be regarded as conclusive and further testing of other documented descendants ofZhu Xiis necessary to help confirm or refute this finding. calculated by Lusa Pereira, Martin Richards, Ana Goios, et al. The most common subclades are H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H10, H11, H13, H14 and H20. [44], Doras Folger, one of Benjamin Franklin's mother Abiah Lee Folger's six sisters, passed on her mtDNA to her 9th-great-granddaughter, Charlene Chambers King, indicating that Franklin belonged to mitochondrial haplogroup V, with the following mutations: T16298C, 315.1C, 309.1C, A263G, and T72C. The Y-DNA sequence is as follows (12 markers):[77], Joseph Stalin, from a genetic test on his grandson (his son Vasily's son, Alexander Burdonsky) and his grand-nephew, is shown to be Y-DNA-wise ofG2a1. [91], Dr. Mehmet Ozbelongs to Y-DNA haplogroupJ2a1b. A study by Baudouin et al. All three men excavated belong to Y haplogroup Q, with subclade not analysed. And at present it seems that only H5 indubitably came with early farmers from the Fertile Crescent. H11a was identified in a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer from the Narva culture in Lithuania by Mittnik et al. His Y-DNA Haplogroup was I1a. [7] So a later dissemination across Europe would appear more likely if the dating is correct. Most ancient ancestor known was Humphrey Harvey (14591526, Kent, England). [15], The purported remains of Francesco Petrarca, known as Petrarch, were tested for DNA in 2003. The sample was tested at two laboratories with the same results. Its place of origin is unknown, but it was probably somewhere around the northeastern Mediterraean (Balkans, Anatolia or Levant), possibly even in Italy. He is widely considered the most successful investor of the 20th century. [39], Edward IV of England and his brother Richard III of England, both sons of Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, would have shared the same mtDNA haplogroup J1c2c. Predicted Y-DNA haplogroup G2a, based on ancient Y-STR profiles. [9][10][11]They share mtDNA haplogroup J1c2c. The results forY-DNAgenealogical DNA testsare either from the men themselves, or from men who have inferred paternal descent from historical figures. [67][68], Franklin PierceandJames Buchananbelonged to Y-DNAhaplogroup R1b1. Distribution Subhaplogroup H1 encompasses an important fraction of Western European mtDNA, reaching its local peak among Basques (27.8%) and being also very important among other Iberians, North Africans and Sardinians. Remains reputed to have been his had haplogroup H2 (mtDNA). A study conducted at Trinity College, Dublin,[62] found that a striking percentage of men in Ireland (and quite a few in Scotland) share the same Y chromosome. The skeleton excavated from the Cheddar Gorge is in haplogroup U5a. Kevin, your maternal haplogroup is H5a1. The proposed candidates include haplogroup C3, haplogroup Q, haplogroup R1b and haplogroup C2. Joy Ibsen's mtDNA was tested and belongs tomtDNA Haplogroup J, which by deduction should also be the mtDNA haplogroup of Richard III. These farmers might also have taken brides among the neighbouring tribes of hunter-gatherers, as suggested by the small amount of Mesolithic European admixture in a 7,500-year old individual from the LBK culture. Zhu Xi, the most influentialNeo-Confucianscholar and philosopher in Chinese history, may have belonged to Y-DNA haplogroupO2a1aaccording to the DNA test of one documented descendant. Because mtDNA breaks down more slowly than nuclear DNA, it is often possible to obtain mtDNA results where other testing fails. Birger Jarl, the founder ofStockholmthe modern capital of Sweden, according to Andreas Carlsson at The National Board of Forensic Medicine of Sweden, belonged to haplogroup I1. [95], Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites, French Kings from Henry IV to Louis XVI "Bourbon", Deduction by descendant testing ---------, Cao Cao, the Cao Wei State of Ancient China & the Takamuko Clan of Japan, Zachary Taylor, William McKinley and Woodrow Wilson, Dr. Mehmet Cengis Oz also known as Dr. Oz, Abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus, Bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus, Escherichia coli long-term evolution experiment, Helicos single molecule fluorescent sequencing, International Society for Computational Biology, International Society of Genetic Genealogy, List of Y-DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms, Transcription activator-like effector nuclease, Transmission electron microscopy DNA sequencing, human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, Journal of the American Medical Association, human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups. It is noteworthy though that the I2a men belonged exclusively to H1 and H3, a potent, albeit not conclusive evidence that H1 and H3 were lineages that belonged to Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from south-west Europe. The king was assigned to mtDNA haplogroup H and the woman was assigned to mtDNA haplogroup H5a. Edmund Rice, an early immigrant toMassachusetts Bay Colonyand a founder ofSudburyandMarlborough, belonged to haplogroup I1. mt-haplogroup U5a is a subgroup of U5. Famous H individuals Geographic distribution Haplogroup H is the most common and most diverse maternal lineage in Europe, in most of the Near East and in the Caucasus region. [Guardian of Ancient Egypt: Studies in Honor of Zahi Hawass [2020] "Maternal and Paternal Lineages in King Tutankhamun's Family", Yehia Z. Gad et al.] All the rest are speculations of journalists who didn't even take the trouble to read my article, although I had it translated into English especially for this purpose. Niall belongs toHaplogroup R1b1c7(M222). One would have to look into SNP testing to determine final subclade placement (or BigY) Hey, thanks for this answer. Niall belongs to Haplogroup R1b1c7 (M222). Actually H6 was the only H samples identified so far in the Andronovo culture in Central Asia. This was determined with a test on an oral mucosa sample taken from his paternal descendants. The original researchers also stated they had not been consulted by iGENEA before it published the haplogroup information. [42] A patrilineal descendant of Naphtali Hirsch Einstein (17331799), Albert Einstein's great-grandfather, was tested and belonged to E-M35 (E1b1b1). Based on the observation of twoHVR1sequence differences, it was concluded that it is highly unlikely that the woman was the king's mother.[4]. [citation needed] Dr. Moore's results examined some different parts of DNA (loci) from the result given here. (2017). Based on the observation of two HVR1 sequence differences, it was concluded that it is highly unlikely that the woman was the king's mother. [5], In 1995 the body of Jesse James was exhumed and his DNA compared to that of two known living relatives; he was matched with each[according to whom?]. In other words, these mutations are so unique that they could only come from other cells with the same mutations. According to the authors of the study, "Probably Napolon also knew his remote oriental patrilineal origins, because Francesco Buonaparte (the Giovanni son), who was a mercenary under the orders of the Genoa Republic in Ajaccio in 1490, was nicknamed The Maur of Sarzane ". Geni requires JavaScript! This identity was confirmed by match to that of her grand-nephew, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[11][13]. According to Coskun et al. 2. The haplotype ofNicholas II of Russiahas been predicted to belong to R1b. Deduction by testing of descendants or other relatives, Cao Cao, the Cao Wei State of Ancient China, Joy Ibsen's mtDNA sequence: 16069T, 16126C, 73G, 146C, 185A, 188G, 263G, 295T, 315.1C in, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England, Journal of the American Medical Association, "Identification of kinship and occupant status in Mongolian noble burials of the Yuan Dynasty through a multidisciplinary approach", "Metagenomic analysis of a blood stain from the French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat (17431793)", https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.211540498, https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg2013211, "The Mitochondrial DNA Mitotype of Sainte Marie-Madeleine", "The peopling of the Americas: Genetic ancestry influences health", "First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover Jennifer Viegas, Discovery News", "Mitochondrial DNA sequence heteroplasmy in the Grand Duke of Russia Georgij Romanov establishes the authenticity of the remains of Tsar Nicholas II", "Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis", "Genomic identification in the historical case of the Nicholas II royal family", "Richard III dig: 'It does look like him', "Geneticist Dr Turi King and genealogist Professor Kevin Schrer give key evidence on the DNA testing", "Bones Under Parking Lot Belonged to Richard III", "A king's final hours, told by his mortal remains", "Identification of the remains of King Richard III", https://haplogroup.info/all-ancient-dna-full.xlsx, "CSI: Egypt, Complete With DNA Tests of Mummies", "Half of European men share King Tut's DNA", "King Tut Related to Half of European Men?
Elijah Mikaelson Oc Wife Fanfiction,
Upper Extremity Functional Index Spanish Version,
Warren High School Basketball Coach,
Articles F