deceased. : _____ created date: 20221019121228z . Statute and regulation requirements of all California architects. Information for architects to transfer their active license to a retired license. The Surveyor's Office is also responsible for maintaining Lassen County's six digit addressing system. Lassen Regional Solid Waste Management Authority. The Lassen County Building Code is codified as Article I of Title 12 of the Lassen County Code, which can be viewed HERE. 221 S. Roop St., Ste. 7, 2020Dec. expirednonrenewable, incomplete renewal, military, retired, revoked, suspended, temporary, and voluntary surrender. Please VIEW the agendas and minutes of the Board of Supervisors Meetings. . Building Hours Monday - Friday: 8:00 AM - 4:00 PM. There are numerous building departments in California. Come join the Lassen County Family today! Selecting a city will take you to the associated county page. The Lassen County Planning Commission considered this project on April 4, 2023, and is forwarding its recommendation to the Board of Supervisors for consideration at its May 16, 2023, meeting: . List of all the Board members, their positions, and term expiration dates. Assistant Environmental Health Specialist / Environmental Health Specialist I/II. Lassen County General Plan 2000.pdf. Click HERE for a Lassen County EmploymentApplication. The Department develops and implements the County's Purchasing Program and Policy by providing training, guidance and support to County Departments in their purchasing needs. If you need to contact our department, please use the information provided in the contact area to the right. Information including forms for candidates and licensees to change their address or LASSEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND BUILDING SERVICES BUILDING DIVISION APPLICATION PROCESS 707 Nevada Street - Susanville, CA 96130 (530) 251-8269 The following guidelines have been prepared to assist you through the building permit process. Executive Assistant to the District Attorney. Adin, CA 96006, Lassen County Fairground Auditor. Professional to pull your permit so you don't have to. 21, 2020Jan. Depending on the details of your project proposal, your project may be exempt, or further environmental documents may need to be prepared, and their requisite fees paid. This section guides you to your local building department. The Lassen County Transportation Commission (LCTC) was formed in 1971. LASSEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BUILDING DIVISION APPLICATION PROCESS 707 Nevada Street - Susanville CA 96130 530 251-8137 or 251-8269 The following guidelines have been prepared to assist you through the building permit process. Information about applying work experience to obtain credit for testing Susanville, CA 96130, Lassen County Fairgrounds process. Assistant Environmental Health Specialist / Environmental Health Specialist I/II. Lassen County Building Codes and Design Criteria. public. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the County of Lassen will conduct a public meeting on May 16, 2023 at 10:00, NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING LASSEN COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION The Lassen County Planning Commission solicits the aid of public agencies and, SKYLINE SELF STORAGE will be having a Lien Sale on: Saturday, April 22, 2023 at 10 am, starting at the, Para obtener ms informacin sobre cmo este cambio podra afectar su pago mensual, llame al 1-800-660-6789 1-800-893-9555 NOTICE, SKYLINE SELF STORAGE will be having a Lien Sale on: SATURDAY, April 22, 2023, AT 10 a.m., starting at the. Californias requirements for becoming a licensed architect. 2023 Business Property Statement. It was reported that the fire station is owned by Lassen County. Contractors State License Board. (AXP), California Supplemental Examination The Mikailia Child Advocacy Center functions as a collaborative multidisciplinary team, in partnership with various community agencies, to support children and developmentally disabled adults, reducing trauma to victims, while supporting effective investigations and prosecutions throughout the criminal justice system. Publications for consumers regarding hiring an architect, design limitations, Janesville General Plan Amendments 1993. Information on how the public can participate in the proposed regulation The Surveyors Office, a division of the Department of Planning and Building Services, provides services to the public and to other governmental agencies as requested. Sealed proposals will be received by the County of Lassen's Department of Planning and Building Services, Attn: Gaylon Norwood, 707 Nevada Street Suite 5, Susanville, CA 96130, by mail or in person by Monday, September 19, 2022 at 4:00 p.m. Board or Commission. 4, 2020Jan. Candidates who are licensed in another jurisdiction pursuing a license in Susanville, CA 96130, Administration Conference Room 10, 2019Dec. We work together to protect life and property, while improving quality of life and the environment. Open until filled. Interested persons should submit their application to the Lassen County Clerk, Located behind the Historic Courthouse at 22o S. Lassen St, Suite 5, Susanville, CA 96130. `W0}is)0ekO6E.*7Ciy:"/.~m ^p#9wjEoZ5vos%h\ UgVj. Come join the Lassen County Family today! Housing Element Request for Proposal 2024, Adoption of a Rural-Density Owner-Built Dwelling Ordinance (Lassen County Code Chapter 12.27 et seq), SPECIAL VACANCY NOTICE FOR THE LONG VALLEY GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT. All interested persons are invited to attend the meeting and be heard, or to submit comments to the Department of Planning and Building Services, 707 Nevada St., Suite 5, Susanville, CA 96130. The Assessor is an elected position, charged with discovering, identifying, appraising and enrolling annually all locally taxable property, except public utilities and privately owned railroad cars when the state assesses. Sierra Army Depot, Herlong, Lassen County, CA.Lassen County California Herlong, 1968. translateds by Lange, Robie Smitter Documentation Compiled After. Susanville, CA 96130, Lassen County Fairgrounds Click Here. The primary function of the Division is to receive and respond to citizen complaints and referrals from other agencies and/or departments regarding alleged violations of applicable ordinances, codes, and regulations relating to fire, life, health, safety, blight, building, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, public nuisance, welfare, zoning, land use, and other matters of public concern. All interested persons are invited to attend the meeting and be heard, or to submit comments to the Department of Planning and Building Services, 707 . (CSE), Integrated Path to Address: Lassen County Administrative Services. hTQMo +M(b?c~T$}g ffcR~Fmoi\B`8^:8,7ps:zyFg_BU6a7iJV#QdB'MPiWW Xd^Yf"l 0[>Dn69 H2 #3n TK?/ *F _' ZB 707 Nevada Street Lassen County Big Valley Groundwater Sustainability Agency Special Meeting, Lassen County Public Improvement Corporation Meeting, Lassen-Modoc County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, Lassen-Modoc County Flood Control and Water Conservation District Special Meeting, Special Joint Meeting of the Lassen County and Modoc County Board of Supervisors, Special Joint Meeting of the Lassen County Board of Supervisors and Susanville City Council, Special Joint Meeting of the Lassen County Board of Supervisors and the Lassen County Fair Advisory Board, Special Joint Meeting of the Lassen County, Modoc County, Plumas County and Sierra County Board of Supervisors*, Board Chambers Enter your email address to subscribe to Plumas News and receive notifications of new posts by email. hTn0Ew$0{!J4w8N:o#9O\t%^I|{L|qx:=Z?NSp{Hk2{AGx 8z FORAogkV=VL%iIT DdDJQffJGd97y`'75S/Y-9-+q^}-c!? d 29, 2019Oct. 2019-CF-1R-ALT-05-E. For assistance or questions regarding the Energy Standards, contact the Energy Hotline at 800-772-3300. 195 Russell Ave form. Copyright 20152023 County of Lassen, California, Environmental Documents, Noticing and Attachments, California Criminal Law and Evidence / Pc 832 Sourcebook (2009); LawTech Publishing, (, Mike Mangiaracina,Courtroom Testimony; LawTech Publishing (, Carol Hawks & Jean Goodall,Crime Scene Documentation; LawTech Publishing, (, Randal Davis,Evidence Collection & Presentation; LawTech Publishing, (, Douglas Hansen, Redwood Kardon, Paddy Morrissey,Code Check Building For California; Taunton Publishing (, International Residential Code Study Companion; International Code Council, Cecily T. Talbert,California Land Planning and Planning Law; Solano Press, International Property Maintenance Code 2006; International Code Council, Uniform Housing Code 1997 edition; International Code Council, California Code Enforcement Source Guide 2009 edition; CACEO. Name Susanville Building Department Address 44 North Lassen Street Susanville, California, 96130 Phone 530-257-1022 Investigation and enforcement of code enforcement cases are usually confidential pursuant to the Public Records Act (section 6254 of the California Government Code) because they are of an investigative nature that may lead to enforcement actions taken against a property owner. Current application fees, examination fees, renewal fees, and miscellaneous 472-013 Johnstonville Road North, Susanville, CA 96130. These fees are in addition to the application fees payable to this Department. This office also collects property tax revenue for county government, school districts and various special districts. Susanville, CA 96130, Adin Community Buliding Fresno County Department of Social Services. Check with your local building department Enforcement actions taken against individuals. Susanville, CA 96130. News and Current Events in Planning and Building. 195 Russell Ave Review Date: April 28, 2023 - Position is filled and recruitment is closed. Information regarding the national architectural examination. Come join the Lassen County Family today! Building #8 Hanford, CA 93230 Corcoran 951 Chittenden Avenue . Susanville, CA 96130, Board Chambers 12, 2019Nov. Guide to Title 24 California Building Standards Code. the Lassen County Department of Planning and Building Services. Animals; Education; Employment; Health The Assessor's staff appraises for all taxing agencies in the County. HT +0iCURLT dw^=O_>lxG-fy{9Xf>:D^a u1.sHAi= Gf^4EQd}k|99SytkqJR&Qyv4epAF@DFzJ,[-S[Bg J#D7R)(S$4wG+) XIxIW sg'@N(kEmqd]u\2 (WLsv)3h$.H$"%C9E&dH{8b*l$(6i`Fjvbdv:o]+xRR,Uh7kfx3q&4fsk-_Aj@" CT-"_?hF5._u 7{ijkZ]G+}!_XWK=_^9|dwE'm%}n|SOf&v62D$;] ` s Lassen County Personnel Department 221 South Roop Street Susanville, California 96130 530 . The Surveyors Office, a division of the Department of Planning and Building Services, provides services to the public and to other governmental agencies as requested. )SIpDgFm}8% s`. According to the California Building Standards Code, no building or structure may be erected, constructed, enlarged, altered, repaired, moved, improved, removed, converted, or demolished . Fire Chief Yderraga reported the Clear Creek Fire Department had a new . Operation Hours. Code Enforcement is a Division of the Lassen County Planning and Building Services Department. Lassen County Pittville Area Plan 1986. Our priority is to provide efficient and effective services to those we serve, citizens, business and property owners, visitors, and stakeholders. strategic plan. The Department functions as a professional staff to the Board of Supervisors, the Planning Commission, and the Airport Land Use Commission and serves on a variety of Committees. Here are some helpful links to offer additional information relating to Planning & Building Services. An appointment is required to meet with your attorney. View the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj <>stream 23, 2019Dec. We are committed to helping parents navigate services available, ensuring children are provided for and promoting peace of mind through information and action. Please note this website is for informational purposes only. endstream endobj 40 0 obj <>stream **Please note that some planning applications also have fees payable to the Environmental Health Department (codified at Lassen County Code section 3.18.120). Toll Free Call Center: 1-855-832-8082 Automated . Lassen County Board of Supervisors are accepting applications from residents of the district within Lassen County for appointment to the Long Valley Groundwater Management District. Process for filing a complaint against an individual who illegally uses the title of Planning a new project? Interested persons should submit their application to the Lassen County Clerk, Located behind the Historic Courthouse at 22o S. Lassen St, Suite 5, Susanville, CA 96130. LEAs are listed below alphabetically by county; cities and water agencies are listed under the counties they reside in. Lassen Superior Court is one of the fifty-eight subdivisions of the California trial courts and sits at the Lassen County seat of government in the City of Susanville. Personnel & Risk Management Services is a division of the Lassen County Administration Department. Box 758, Alturas, CA 96101 (530) 233-2453, --> Michael Kip Lybarger (altec@frontier.com), NST Engineering & Associates,Inc., 1495 Riverside Drive, Susanville, CA 96130, (530)-257-5173, --> Vernon H. Templeton (nst@frontiernet.net), Fred Nagel, 697-100 Gold Run Road, Susanville, CA, 530-257-4029, 530-310-1649(cell), (frnpeng@gmail.com), Pace Engineering, 1730 South Street, Redding, CA 96001, (530) 244-0202, Dominicks Civil Engineering and Surveying, P.O. The Surveyors Office ensures that the review of Final Maps, Parcel Maps, Records of Survey, Lot Line Adjustments, Mergers, Certificates of Compliance, Notices of Violation, Corner Records and legal descriptions are in conformance with State and Local Ordinances and that the information provided on these documents is technically correct. Click HERE for a Lassen County EmploymentApplication. These two officers are managed by a Supervisor who has additional responsibilities, unrelated to code enforcement. Administration. Resolution No. However, if the project is ultimately approved, a $200.00 fee for 10, 2019Sept. Open until filled. The Department provides administrative assistance to the Board of Supervisors. Consult with a $97,668 - $129,953 Annually, plus benefits. 707 Nevada Street, Suite 5. Proponents will be notified in writing of contract award. Julie Bustamante, Clerk of the Board of Supervisors. 25, 2020Feb. Mining and Geology, SPECIAL VACANCY NOTICE FOR THE LONG VALLEY GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT. Lassen County; Building Departments (BD) This section guides you to your local building department. the Government Program is available upon request at the Lassen County Planning and Building Services Department's public assistance counter (707 Nevada Street Suite 5, Susanville, A 96130). Department of Planning and Building Services to be exempt from CEQA, the Initial Study application will be returned to the applicant with the associated fees. The Roads Department provides funding for the maintenance of County road and bridge systems to safeguard the traveling public, and preserves the County's capital investment in the system. from the building official. See the Lassen County Clerk of the Board Website for application and more information. (ARE), Architectural Experience Program Resources that may be helpful in starting a business in California. Open until filled. Lassen County Board of Supervisors are accepting applications from residents of the district within Lassen County for appointment to the Long Valley Groundwater Management District. 14, 2020Jan. Information including: accredited and non-accredited programs, degrees in The Department of Planning and Building Services presents applications to multiple bodies including the Planning Commission, Board of Supervisors, Architectural Review Committee, and others. hTP=O0+! for the Divisions of the Planning and Building Services Department: Environmental Documents, Noticing and Attachments, Agricultural Land Conservation Application, https://lassen.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/lookup/index.html?appid=3591515de15e470681988caab4d81501. Competitive Salary and Benefit package available. This page contains applications, process forms, instructions, policies, etc. : . 24, 2019Sept. Permitting and enforcement are carried out by the local enforcing agency (LEA), such as the County Department of Environmental Health. Will the legislature do nothing about retail theft? : amount due: date paid: date issued. Supporting Students for the Future. The Airports Department is responsible for the administration, operation and maintenance of Lassen County's four airports located throughout the County. Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services (626 . newsletters, and press releases. Information and resources for candidates with military experience. Planning and Building Services is a multi-disciplinary department providing a range of planning and development services to citizens, appointed boards, and commissions. [N~qXV$Io]&iP+C.MQkldbr|P.Wc^;|*4/'_gnw'/qe]LwnC6 4{?eG~Zt n Architectural Licensure (IPAL), Fingerprinting for Out of State Residents, Business or FirmForming a Schedule of upcoming and past Board, Committee, Task Force, and Working Group 221 S. Roop Street Environmental Documents, Noticing and Attachments. professional translator for accuracy if relying on the translation or are using this site for official business. The following options are available for submitting applications to the Department: We encourage you to call this Department at (530) 251-8269 or contact the Department by email at landuse@co.lassen.ca.us if you have any questions regarding our permit application process. 15, 2019Oct. Competitive Salary and Benefit package available. The Department provides administrative assistance to the Board of Supervisors. Hours of Operation: Monday - Friday, 7:00am- 12:00pm & 1:00pm-4:00pm. See the Lassen County Clerk of the Board Website for application and more information. Have Questions About the Coronavirus? The Surveyor's Office, a division of the Department of Planning and Building Services, provides services to the public and to other governmental agencies as requested. Forms for consumers including: consumer complaint form and complaint/comment Adin Community Center 605 Highway 299 Adin, CA 96006. Applications. #2Y9]Yf4ii:|0%Fj9t4heOaZFu1|>rQWo|USx+r/'?\N00e>nrU/'IuWFbZ(nx The Tobacco Education Program exists to help improve the health of Lassen County's residents by working to reduce preventable, excess death and disease caused by tobacco use and exposure to second hand smoke. Home; Alerts; Living. The County Code Enforcement program is complaint driven. 0..W"(E} ),GU WZENYZ!$cINZkLb$d Tenant/Landlord Dispute for Rental Housing, Right of Entry by County Code Enforcement, Confidentiality of Code Enforcement Cases. Use this Checklistas a guideline to contact the various departments that may be involved in your project. HT=0+,To w@.%%R|!0M>>>R./"2A California. Adin, CA 96006, Adin Community Building enlarged, altered, repaired, moved, improved, Location: Lassen County, California, Staff Contact: Gaylon Norwood, Deputy Director. Please consult the attached process forms and applications and call our office to talk to a planner for more information. Assistant Environmental Health Specialist / Environmental Health Specialist I/II. Interested persons should submit their application to the Lassen County Clerk, Located behind the Historic Courthouse at 22o S. Lassen St, Suite 5, Susanville, CA 96130. News and Current Events in Planning and Building Services, Resolution No. The California Architects Board is unable to guarantee the accuracy Process for expired licenses that have not been renewed for five years or more. Chicago citation style: Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Department Of The Army, Bressi-Brevanda & Teichert, Stolte & Company Incorporated, William A Brenner, Contractor Building Technology Incorporated, Larry D Lankton, et al. unlicensed practice penalty. endstream endobj 35 0 obj <>stream If you have further questions, please call the Surveyor Division, (530) 251-8269. IAK~KyZqBtDsD" Architect Registration Examination 609 Main Street During the regular meeting the board determined it should have the Lassen County Building Department inspect the firehouse to make sure all projects completed at the site were permitted and passed inspection. Established in 1874. 3, 2019August 27, 2019August 20, 2019August 13, 2019August 06, 2019July 30, 2019July 23, 2019July 16, 2019July 9, 2019July 2, 2019June 18, 2019June 11, 2019June 4, 2019May 28, 2019May 21, 2019May 14, 2019May 7, 2019April 30, 2019April 23, 2019April 16, 2019April 9, 2019April 2, 2019March 26, 2019March 19, 2019March 12, 2019March 5, 2019February 26, 2019February 19, 2019February 12, 2019February 5, 2019January 29, 2019January 22, 2019January 15, 2019January 8, 2019December 31, 2018December 25, 2018December 18, 2018December 11, 2018December 4, 2018November 27, 2018November 20, 2018November 13, 2018November 6, 2018October 30, 2018October 23, 2018October 16, 2018October 9, 2018September 25, 2018September 18, 2018September 11, 2018September 4, 2018August 28, 2018August 21, 2018August 14, 2018August 7, 2018July 31, 2018July 24, 2018July 17, 2018July 10, 2018July 3, 2018June 26, 2018June 19, 2018June 12, 2018June 5, 2018May 29, 2018May 22, 2018May 15, 2018May 8, 2018May 1, 2018April 24, 2018April 17, 2018April 10, 2018April 3, 2018March 27, 2018March 20, 2018March 13, 2018March 6, 2018February 27, 2018February 13, 2018February 6, 2018January 30, 2018January 23, 2018January 16, 2018January 9, 2018January 2, 2018December 26, 2017December 19, 2017December 12, 2017December 5, 2017November 28, 2017November 21, 2017November 14, 2017November 7, 2017October 31, 2017October 24, 2017October 17, 2017October 10, 2017October 3, 2017September 26, 2017September 19, 2017September 12, 2017September 5, 2017August 29, 2017August 22, 2017August 15, 2017August 8, 2017August 1, 2017July 25, 2017July 18, 2017July 11, 2017July 4, 2017June 27, 2017June 20, 2017June 13, 2017June 6, 2017May 30, 2017May 23, 2017May 16, 2017May 9, 2017May 2, 2017April 25, 2017April 18, 2017April 11, 2017April 4, 2017March 28, 2017March 21, 2017March 14, 2017March 7, 2017February 28, 2017February 21, 2017February 14, 2017February 07, 2017January 31, 2017January 17, 2017January 10, 2017January 03, 2017December 27, 2016December 20, 2016December 13, 2016December 6, 2016November 29, 2016November 22, 2016November 15, 2016November 8, 2016November 1, 2016October 25, 2016October 18, 2016October 11, 2016October 4, 2016September 27, 2016September 20, 2016September 13, 2016September 6, 2016August 30, 2016August 23, 2016August 16, 2016August 9, 2016August 2, 2016. Planning and Building Services is a multi-disciplinary department providing a range of planning and development services to citizens, appointed boards, and commissions. 3, 2019Nov. However, we recommend that you make sure the provider you choose is licensed in the State of California. The Google translation feature is provided for informational purposes only. The County does not offer surveying services outside the scope of reviewing Final Maps, Parcel Maps, Records of Survey, Lot Line Adjustments, Mergers, Certificates of Compliance, Notices of Violation, Corner Records and legal descriptions in conformance with State and Local Ordinances. Our Department ensures that all development is consistent with State Law, Building Codes, the General Plan, Zoning Ordinance and Development Code. of the translation. 707 Nevada Street The Lassen County District Attorneys Office, in partnership with the community we serve, is dedicated to ensuring public safety through the vigorous, ethical and professional prosecution of crime while protecting the rights of victims and witnesses. Come join the Lassen County Family today! For those interested in a more detailed discussion, the following is a list of reference material recommended by the California Association of Code Enforcement Officers (December 9., 2020): SPECIAL VACANCY NOTICE FOR THE LONG VALLEY GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT. Lassen County Lassen County Environmental . The Lassen County Treasurer-Tax Collector's Office, located in Susanville, California is responsible for financial transactions, including issuing Lassen County tax bills, collecting personal and real property tax payments. (NCARBs) Architectural Experience Program (AXP). Dominicks Civil Engineering and Surveying, Lot Line Adjustment / Merger Review: $250. The Surveyors Office is also responsible for maintaining Lassen Countys six digit addressing system. Click HERE for a Lassen County EmploymentApplication. county for further information. The Department disseminates information to the public regarding potential development areas for residential, commercial, industrial, and resource development and management. We work together to protect life and property, while improving quality of life and the environment. Department of Consumer Affairs resource website for individuals interested in . This list is provided as a courtesy by our Department and we welcome you to research other providers of engineering and surveying services if you choose. Public Employee Directories list that contact information, such as names, phone numbers, and email . %%EOF Lake County Website. The Lassen County Fairgrounds is located in Susanville, California which lies at the head of the Honey Lake Valley with an altitude of 4,200 feet. Payments are also accepted via credit card payments over the phone. removed, converted, or demolished unless a separate permit for each building or structure has first been obtained Code Enforcement is a Division of the Lassen County Planning and Building Services Department. Building Division. hVmO8+qUB,UwCY6Ut8m*`-H,N(-8}?:/FpFj^x,4\CR i y4\VNa:vq3 Copyright 20152023 County of Lassen, California, Environmental Documents, Noticing and Attachments, Safety Element with resolution - June 16, 2020_0.pdf, Lassen County Standish-Litchfield Area Plan and EIR 1986, Lassen County Susanville Area Plan and EIR 1984, Lassen County Wendel Area Plan and EIR 1987, Lassen County Westwood Clear Creek Area Plan 2002, Airport Land Use Plan, Susanville Municipal Airport, March 1987, Airport Land Use Plan, Herlong, Spaulding, Bieber and Ravendale Airports, April 1988, Amedee Army Airfield Land Use Compatibility Plan August 11, 2016, Lassen County Environmental Review Guidelines - Resolution No. Building permit applications may be submitted through email to landuse@co.lassen.ca.us Once received, the Building Division will contact the applicant and take credit card payment over . . Get the right answer to your questions by asking the right person. ere Always seek the advice of a qualified attorney for all legal matters. TAkm_*.|ZK|=_H^ r0B),Xt_&PIV.LhluB8U cL~>'hlG>G?pC)|BfU`/_3JG(Pdk3.1tN"['\Vbtc:5FV+?.3uP6f)\menav9m ,(|*rgFr JjpGtoV]EIksZ7eH'=Qg.Tq #f'#03K!Xm 605 Highway 299 If a city does not have a hyperlink, you Merullo, Victor D. and Valentine, Michael J.Arboriculture and the Law; International Society of Arboriculture. Thank you for visiting the Lassen County Public Defender Department. Links to various architect associations, government agencies, and institutions.